迟德富
森林昆虫学、昆虫化学生态、昆虫分子生物学、生物多样性保护等
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- 姓名:迟德富
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
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学科领域:
海洋生物学
- 研究兴趣:森林昆虫学、昆虫化学生态、昆虫分子生物学、生物多样性保护等
迟德富,教授,博士生导师。生命科学学院党总支书记兼副院长。森林保护研究所所长。中国昆虫学会森林昆虫专业委员会委员,黑龙江省昆虫学会理事,黑龙江省林学会红松专业委员会理事。教育部林学专业教学指导委员会副主任委员;主要从事森林昆虫学、昆虫化学生态、昆虫分子生物学、生物多样性保护等领域的研究;编写《城市绿地植物虫害及其防治》等著作5部。发表论文50多篇。获得国家科技进步二等奖1项、林业部科技进步一等奖1项、国家林业局科技进步二等奖1项、黑龙江省教学成果一等奖2项、黑龙江省教学成果二等奖2项。还获得教育部优秀青年教师奖、中国林业青年科技奖、黑龙江省青年科技奖。2004年被人事部、教育部等7部委联合选为新世纪百千万人才工程国家级人选。
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迟德富, 胡艳红
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-1年11月30日
综合论述了RAPD技术在昆虫分类学、物种的亲缘关系、系统发育、分子连锁图谱的构建、有害生物鉴定、害虫抗药性诊断、分子标记辅助育种和生态学这几方面研究中的应用,指出RAPD技术存在的问题,并提出一定的相关对策,阐明随着理论的发展和试验技术的进步,分子标记技术将使昆虫分子生物学研究迈上一个新台阶。
昆虫学,, RAPD技术,, 分子遗传标记
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迟德富, 孙凡, 乔润喜, 严善春, 胡隐月, 马龙江, 王希刚
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-1年11月30日
为解决落叶松种子严重短缺的问题,利用5%杀铃脲乳油、25%灭幼脲Ⅲ号悬浮剂、20%杀铃脲悬浮剂、5%伏虫灵乳油和30%辛脲乳油等昆虫生长调节剂,在大兴安岭进行了落叶松球果花蝇(Strobilomyia spp.)防治试验。试验结果表明,球果被害率可减少20%~80%,种子被害率减少35%~40%。由球果和种子被害率分析可见,二次施药的防治效果明显好于一次施药的防治效果。
落叶松, 球果花蝇, 化学防治
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迟德富, 孙凡, 甄志先, 许德兰, 张进合, 钱筱澍
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
于1997~2000年在黑龙江和吉林东部地区,对柳蝙蛾的生物学习性和发生规律进行了研究。在该地区柳蝙蛾多数个体2年完成一个世代,分别以卵和幼虫2次越冬。每年6月底、7月上旬,幼虫转移到水曲柳上危害。上树后的幼虫,在室内人工饲养条件下发育了6龄仍未化蛹。在水曲柳人工林中,主要危害2~20年的水曲柳人工幼林的干基部(20cm以下)和干部。水曲柳蝙蝠蛾的发生量与林龄和林分结构密切相关。以水曲柳人工纯林以及红松水曲柳混交林受害较重,而落叶松水曲柳混交林的受害程度最轻。
水曲柳, 柳蝙蛾, 生物学, 发生规律
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迟德富, 严善春, 张丹丹, 姜兴林, 王明玉
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
为了更加安全、有效地控制落叶松球果花蝇的危害,选用5%除虫脲乳油、20%除虫脲悬浮剂等6种无公害药剂,在落叶松球果花蝇产卵盛期进行了树冠喷雾防治。同时,利用GC-MS分析了喷洒药剂后落叶松球果挥发性气味的变化,探讨6种药剂的防治机理。在此基础上,于幼虫脱果期选用5%杀铃脲乳油、5%伏虫灵乳油等7种药剂,进行了室内杀幼虫试验。花蝇产卵盛期防治试验表明,喷施500、1000、1500倍液的百草一号防治效果分别达到97.50%、96.95%、82.23%。喷施稀释500、1000倍的百草一号,后可使球果被害率降低82.79%和71.12%。利用百草一号水溶液处理的球果,对花蝇产卵的驱避率分别达到37.71%、61.71%和27.71%,同时也表现出较强的抑制卵孵化作用。防治机理分析表明:5%除虫脲乳油、20%除虫脲悬浮剂、25%除虫脲可湿性粉剂、10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、蛾螨灵和百草一号的500~1500倍水溶液处理落叶松球果,可以对落叶松球果花蝇的产卵产生一定的驱避作用,驱避率可达到27.71%~95.71%。驱避机制试验表明,施用500倍的20%降虫脲等使α-蒎烯的相对含量明显增加,β-蒎烯、月桂烯等5种组分的相对含量有所降低。脱果幼虫的室内防治试验发现,以30%辛脲乳油、百草一号和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂的效果最好。30%辛脲乳油500、1000、1500倍液处理的防治效果分别为60.0%、72.7%、71.9%。
落叶松球果花蝇, 防治, 机理
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迟德富, 严善春, 赵晓红, 温振宏
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
采用四臂式嗅觉仪测定了长棒四节蚜小蜂和黄胸扑虱蚜小蜂对杨圆蚧1龄固定若虫的虫体、介壳、虫体与介壳复合体的趋性。结果表明,介壳和虫体与介壳复合体对两种小蜂具有较强的吸引力。两种小蜂对气味源的剂量都比较敏感。采用气相色谱—质谱联机分析方法,分析了杨圆蚧1龄固定若虫虫体及介壳所释放的挥发性物质的成分和各组分所占比例,分析表明,虫体和介壳中释放出的挥发性物质均含有9个组分,但这9个组分在虫体和介壳挥发物中的比例略有变异。
杨圆蚧, 长棒四节蚜小蜂, 黄胸扑虱蚜小蜂, 虫体, 介壳
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迟德富, Hu Yinyue, Chi Defu, Shao Jingwen, Zhang Fengbin, Li Chengde
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-1年11月30日
his paper reported the investigation of the population complex of parasitic natural enemies on the main stem pests, Quadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem et Gerneck), Lepidosephes saliciana (Borchs.) and Pulvinaria salicicola (Borchs.), in protective poplar forests of Northeast China, a total of 12 species of parasitic chatcids being discovered.
Quadraspidiotus gigas,, Pleroptrix longiclava,, natural control ability,, artificial migration
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迟德富, Chidefu, Darvas Bela, Rafael Ocete Rubio, Jin Chuanling
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-1年11月30日
Six kinds of extracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and A. multiflora var. brevispicata and A. multiflora var. serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae of hyphantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemies. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the second instar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%, which was significantly higher than that caused by acetone extracts. Those extracts were safe to Trichogramma dendrolimi, Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enemies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts had any influence the emergence and the development of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora and A. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septempunctata. Those extracts could be used in the control of H. cunea safely.
Ajuga multiflora, Ajuga., multiflora var., Brevispicata, A., multiflora var., serotina, Hyphantria cunea, Extracts
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迟德富, Chi Defu, Zhang Fengbin, Hu Yinyue
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
In this experiment three different kinds of hosts were used. Those were the fixed first instar nymph that without their scale cover, the fixed first instar nymph with their scale cover and the fixed first instar nymph on bark and with their scale cover. The female adults of Pteroptrix longiclava (Girault) and Encarsia gigas (Tshumakova) were put in the vessel containing those hosts to see the host searching and the host determining behavior of those parasitoids. The result shown that the times that P. longiclava and E. gigas contacted with each kind of hosts were significantly different. The percentage of times of P. longiclava contacted with each kind of hosts were 5.98%, 46.95% and 47.20% respectively, and the percentage of times of E. gigas contacted with each kind of hosts were 4.11%, 48.03% and 47.87% respectively. In this experiment, 50% ethanol, 100% ether and distilled water have been used to extract compounds that affected the host searching behavior in scale covers or in the mixture of insect bodies and the scale covers. The results of taxis experiments with those extracts shown that the times that those parasitoids contacted with those compounds drawn from the scale covers or the mixture of scale covers and insect bodies were 3~5 times higher than that with their corresponding solvents. The attractive ability of those compounds extracted from scale covers or the mixture of scale covers and insect bodies were almost the same. Concerning the solvents, only the compounds extracted with 100% ether had a little less attractive ability to both parasitoids. Those results indicated that there were some chemicals acting as kairomones which could influence the host searching and host determining behavior of P. longiclava and E. gigas. Those compounds mainly contained in the scale covers of Quadraspidiotus gigas. They are water solvable compounds. The exist of those kairomones guaranteed those two parasitoids successfully determine their hosts when their host population is low. The exist of those kairomones assured those parasitoids could control their host population in a low level. The host determining and oviposition behavior experiments shown that after the oviposition of P. longiclava or E. gigas, those parasitized fixed first instar nymphs have a very strong deterring effect to the newly coming chalcids. The newly inoculated chalcids always try to avoid those parasitized hosts. Only a few of them contacted with those hosts. When they met them, they only knock them one or tow times with their antenna then turn aside and leave. The percentage of times of those newly inoculated female contacted with those parasitized hosts only took up 14.52% to 27.59% in the total contacted times. All the eggs laid by those newly inoculated femals oviposited in the unparasitized hosts. P. longiclava and E. gigas were introduced into a vessel which containing the parasitized and unparasitized fixed first instar nymphs of Q. gigas. This result indicated that after the oviposition of P. longiclava and E. gigas on their hosts, some chemical compounds that have oviposition deterring effect have been left on those parasitized hosts. Those compounds have some deterring effect on the host searching and host determining activities of both species. The exist of those compounds could significantly reduce the occurring of superparasitism or multiparasitism. They could assure that those chalcids in the bodies of Q. gigas have sufficient nutrition. The exist of those compounds also could let those chalcids use the limited eggs to control their hosts as much as possible, so that they could control the population of Q. gigas in a low level.
Quadraspidiotus gigas, Pteroptrix longiclava (, Girault), ,, Encarsia gigas (, Tshumakova), ,, kairomone,, oviposition deterring pheromone.,
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迟德富, CHI De-fu, SUN Ming-xue, XIA Wen-fu
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Eight kinds of phytoecdysteroids extracted from different parts of Ajuga multiflora Bunge (Labiatae) that were collected from different places at different time were tested for killing effects on the 2-instar larvae of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L by adding them to the artificial diet of larvae. The experimental results indicated that adding 1-3-mL phytoecdysteroids to the artificial diet could lead 58%-100% of 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi to death within 24 days. The phytoecdysteroids extracted from the whole plant of A. multiflora which was collected before flowering time were much more effective than those extracted from the plants collected at flowering and after flowering periods, and the modified mortality rate of larvae reached 65.22%, 85.07%, and 98.11% at the dosage level of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The extract made from root of A. multiflora plant was more effective in killing efficiency than those from stem and leaves, and the average death rates of larvae were up to 100%, 98.20% and 98.32% at dosage levels of 1-mL, 2-mL, and 3-mL extracts, respectively. The killing speed of the extracted phytoecdysteroids was slower than that of triflumuron, hexaflumuron or deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. The mortality rate of larvae is closely related to the feeding duration on the diets containing phytoecdysteroids. Feeding on the diets with addition of phytoecdysteroids for 16 days, more than 80% of treated 2-instar larvae of C. lapathi were led to death. The killing effect of the extracts was little affected by the growth areas of A. multiflora plant and the adding way to artificial diet.
Ajuga multifora Bunge, Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L., , Larva, Phytoecdysteroid
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迟德富, CHI De-fu, Rafael Ocete Rubio, YAN Shan-chun, ZHANG Dan-dan, WEN Zhen-hong
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-1年11月30日
Four-armed airflow olfactometer was used to determining the foraging behavior of Pteroptrix longgiclava (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Encarsia gigas (Tshumakova) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) to the essential oils which emitted from the healthy bark of Populus pseudo-simonii×P. nigra, the infested bark injured by Quadraspidiotus gigas (Thiem & Gerneck), the body and scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph of Q. gigas. The results from these experiments showed that the volatile oils produced from the injured bark and from the scale of fixed 1st-instar-nymph had a higher attractive ability to female adults of the two species of wasps. The essential oil produced from the scale of the pest at dosages of 3-7μL and the essential oil emitted by injured bark at dosages of 5-9μL had a stronger alluring effect on the host searching behavior of P. longgiclava. The essential oil from the body of fixed 1st-instar-nymph of Q. gigas also had certain effect on the host locating effort of P. longgiclava and E. gigas. Those two wasps did not shown any reaction to the essential oil produced by the healthy bark of poplar.
Populus pseudo-simonii
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