After more than 40 years theory research and industry paractice, evaporation-cooling technology has miade great breakthrough at the end of 20th centruy. On December Ist 1999. a 400MW evaporation-cooling hydro-generator was put to use in Chinese power system at lijiaxia power sation of Qinghai province. Industry experience shows that evaporation-cooling technology keeps the advantages of the old ones and overcome the main disadvantages of them. So it has many prospective applications in 21st century.

为了提高大型水轮发电机的运行可靠性，设计人员对电机的冷却系统作了不少改进，基中包括线圈采用液态介质内冷系统等。蒸发冷却技术已在中国数个电站的几台立式水轮发民机中得到应有和，并经历了长时间的商业运行考验。为了验证这种新型冷却系统的优越性，应对电机内的温度场进行深入的分析。该文以有限元法计算了采用蒸发冷却系统的大型水轮发电机定子三维温度场，以包括导体、端部绕组及通风沟在内的定子半个齿距全轴向长度为计算域，并考虑蒸发冷却的特点，建立了物理和数学模型。论文以李家峡电站一台400MW蒸发冷却发电机为实例，计算了不同工况下的定子温度分布，计算结果与现场实测数据进行分析比交，验证了计算方法的正确性。论文得出了一些有助于设计和运行的结论。

考虑水轮发电机端部结构的物点，计入材料的各向导性和非线性，以电路和磁路等效原理导出定子铁芯叠片边段和分瓣压圈的等效电导率及磁导率。计算了一台725MW水轮发电机在各种工况下的端部磁场，结果与实测值非常吻合，证明了所提出方法的正确性。计算了李家峡400MW水轮发电机在欠励工况下的端部磁场，并与现在进相工况进行时的实测数据对比，结果满足工程要求，为预测水轮发电机进相能力和充电空量提供了依据。

Small-xignal stability analysis methods based on an impendance criterion originat from the minor lop gain mehtod and are gradually utilized om twp-stage dc distributed power systems. In this paper, we conclude that the impedance criterion directly dependent on output impedance Z。(s) of the source subsystem and input impedance Zi(s) of the load subsystem is possible but gives and invorrect stability analysis for systems with a regulated source subsystem. Through introducing a mapped pure impedance of the load subsystems and the preliminary system, we develop a general three-step impedance criterion, with which a correct small-signal stability analysis can be guaranteed. regardless of the type of sorce subsystem. Furthermore, we introduce the application of the three-step impedance criterion in two small-signalstability analysis cases and utilize it in an example system to predict the sability shift process arising from the variation on the load resistance and input voltage value.

Impedance character as well as relevant impedance criterion is important in thesmall-signal stability analysis of multi-sgage dc distributed power systems, where subsystems are integrated. At the same time, we usually approximately simplify a tightly controlled load-converter as constant power load. In this paper, we focus on the impedance character and impedance criterion in two-stage dc distributed system, which is in fact criterion in two-stage dc distributed system, which is in fact inter-dependent dynamical system with both interaction loop and many individual regulation loops. We verify that minor loop gain method can be directly extended to inter-dependent subsystems, while original impedance criterion cannot. Furthermore, we develop a substitutional stability analysis. With this substitutional impedance criterion, we discuss the influence of regulation loop gain, load resistance, input voltage and various duty-cycle ration on system small-signal stability. In additon, we analyze the impedance shift process of the imput impedance of load-converter and build the relationship between it and rgeulation loop gain. Negative rgsistor approximation of load-converter is only regarded reasonable when high regulation-loop gain is assumed and low-frequeney character of load-converter is considered. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the substitutional impedance criterion.

In order to reduce the vibration of the stator core in the large hydro-generators, the recent tendency is to stack the stator core at site for the hydro-generators with the diameter larger than ten meterws. Owing to the temperature difference between the core and frame of the stator, the frame will restrain the expansion of the core, which will lead to buckling of the stator core in case of high-stiffened frame. But in order to prevent forom the eletrmagnetic vibration the stator frame will be required to have an appropriate supporting stiffness for the stator core. The investigation of the thermal deformation in the generator must be based on comprebensicve analysis of the temperature distrbution within the begnerator under different operation conditions. Inthis paper a method by FEM for calculation of the 3D thermal field within the benerator is applied. Based on the results of the thermal field calculation, the thermal deformation of the stator core and the frame can be calculated. As an example, the thermal field and deformation of a 400MW evaporating cooled generator have been calculated. The comparison of the calculated results with those measured at site proves that the applied method in this paper has apprpiate precision.

21世纪随着国民经济的快速发展，中国水力发电业将会有巨大的发展，将要安装许多巨型机组。大工率、大尺寸、大重量是这些机组的物点，而为制造出这些机组，生产厂将面临许多技术难题。本文简述了国内水电设备制造业的现状，存在的主要问题，生产这些巨型机组将遇到的技术难题等，文末提出了若干条建议。