上官周平
植物生理生态、植被生态、区域农业发展战略等方面
个性化签名
- 姓名:上官周平
- 目前身份:
- 担任导师情况:
- 学位:
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学术头衔:
博士生导师, 教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者
- 职称:-
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学科领域:
生态学
- 研究兴趣:植物生理生态、植被生态、区域农业发展战略等方面
1986年毕业于西北农林科技大学,1998年晋升为研究员,现为生态学和土壤学方向博士生导师,主要从事植物生理生态、植被生态、区域农业发展战略等方面的工作,发表论文70余篇,出版专著4部,获国家科技进步二等奖1项、省部级以上成果奖10次。曾荣获首届新世纪百千万人才工程的国家级人选,国务院特殊津贴,陕西省有突出贡献的中青年专家、入选教育部新世纪优秀人才工程等称号。
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1213
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成果数
20
上官周平, 周正朝, , **
CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLOGY, Sep. 2005, 16 (9): 1586~1590,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
对黄土高原陕西子午岭次生林区不同人为扰动条件下林地土壤容重、有机质、团聚体和微生物等进行了研究。结果表明,人为干扰(砍伐与开垦)对土壤生态因子影响较大,随干扰程度加剧,土壤理化性质变差,土壤有机质由212%下降到018%。土壤稳定性团聚体减少30%;微生物数量由15×109个·g-1干土下降到8×107个·g-1干土,土壤退化严重。在同一干扰类型的土壤剖面上,土壤有机质和土壤微生物随土层深度的增加分别减少了50%和90%,并且在不同干扰强度下变化幅度略有差异。土壤容重由表层的0.9g·cm-3增加到1.21g·cm-3,呈增大趋势。同一干扰类型土壤理化性质在沟缘线上下存在一定差别,沟缘线以下样地表现出较好的土壤理化性质和较高的微生物量。
人为干扰, 土壤性质, 土壤微生物, 次生林地, 黄土高原
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上官周平, 潘成忠, , 上官周平**
CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, Sep. 2005, 16 (9): 1597~1602,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
以黄土区两种常见森林植被(次生山杨林和人工油松林)长期定位观测试验为基础,从水量平衡和径流产沙机理出发,分析了次降雨条件下两种林地和荒地坡面产流产沙过程。结果表明,次降雨量在510~5010mm范围内,油松林和山杨林的林冠和枯枝落叶层总截留率分别为15145%~56180%和20156%~47181%,且随降雨量的增大而减小。与荒坡地相比,林地土壤入渗性能显著增强,尤其是0~20cm土层。分析表明,在一般降水条件下林地无径流产生;而在降雨雨强为215mm·min-1和历时30min条件下,山杨林地无地表径流产生,荒坡地的径流流速和径流挟沙浓度均为油松林地的2315倍,而其径流剪切力和径流能量均为后者的8倍;油松林地的径流量和产沙量比荒地分别减少了8716%和9914%,与径流小区多年(1988~2000)观测平均值(分别为8710%和9919%)相近。
水土保持, 产流产沙, 森林植被, 黄土高原
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上官周平, 郑淑霞, 上官周平*
植物生态学报,2005,29(2) :289~295,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
对黄土高原地区4种典型C3植物狼牙刺(Sophora viciif olia)、辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)、虎榛子Os2t ryopsis davidiana)和酸枣(Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa)样品稳定性碳同位素组分(δ13C)进行分析,研究了从20世纪30年代至今近70年中不同年代植物δ13C 值的变化。结果表明,在近70年中,4种植物δ13C值变化范围为-25.05‰~-29.75‰,平均值为-7.04‰。4种植物叶片δ13C值均呈下降趋势,表明随气候环境变化,近70年4种植物的水分利用效率(WUE)均呈降低趋势。但不同植物叶片δ13C值下降幅度不同:狼牙刺和辽东栎叶片δ13C值下降非常明显,虎榛子叶片δ13C值下降也较明显,而酸枣叶片δ13C值下降不明显。4种植物δ13C值的降低率分别为14.65%、14.46%、11.99%和2.44%,说明不同植物对气候环境因子的敏感性不同,具有不同的适应环境变化的策略,酸枣是4种植物中耐旱能力较强,WUE较高的物种。
碳同位素组分, C3 植物, 黄土高原, 气候环境
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上官周平, 上官周平[], 邵明安[], 李玉山[], 杨文治[]
中华水土保持学报,2004,35(2):177~185,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
黄土高原地匾森林植被影警十J壤退化的主要表现形式是土壤乾燥化,其颗著特徵是因植物蒸散遇量耗水合成的植物根系作用筢圉内土壤水分畏睛同持横地最重岛缺,天然降水已不能有效予以楠借,局部微氯候瑕境趋乾旱化、土壤表唇秸觳,土壤硬度增大、植被牛畏衰退、天然下棰更新不良及加大造林鞋度,徒而尊致植物牛畏明颢衰退以至大面稹乾枯死亡。土壤乾唇的形成是乾援和破壤植物演替序列及其土壤水分牛戆基硭造成的後果,徒而引起土壤乾燥化的加重。在群徊分析士壤乾盾现象和颡型的基硭上,分析了土壤乾盾的成因,即低降水高蒸骚、水土流失、植被颊型送挥失喾、群落牛j麈力遇高和群落密度遇大等。徒牛。憋水文角度分析了土壤乾唇因其水分雇亏缺阻隔重力水下渗,溅弱了降水垂直入渗楠耠地下水的作用,指出黄十高原地匾森林因其颢著拥蓄遥流作用,蓄稹水分又鞋以蒋化属地下水,因而具有降低林地出境稳迳流最的作用。
森林植被, 水分循瑕, 土壤乾燥化, 黄土高原
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上官周平, Zhouping Shangguan a, *, Mingan Shaoa a, b, Robert Horton c, Tingwu Lei a b, Lin Qin c, Jianqing Ma c, d
Agricultural Water Management 52(2002)139-154,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
It is important to promote efficient use of water through better management of water resources. for social and economical sustainability in arid and semi-arid areas. under the conditions of severe Water shortage. B ased on the developments in deficit irrigation research. a recurrence control model for regional optimal allocation of irrigation Water resources. aiming at overall maximum efficiency. is presented. with decomposition-harmonization principles of large systems. The model consists of three levels (1ayers). The first level involves dynamic programming (DP) for optimization of crop irrigation scheduling. The second level dealS with optimal allocation of water resources among variOUS crops. The last level concerns optimal allocation of water resources among difierent sub-regions. As a test. this model was applied to the combined optimal allocation of multiple Water resources (surface. ground and in-take from the Weihe river) of Yangling. a semi-arid region on the Loess Plateau. China. Exemplary computation showed that not only are the results rational, but the method can also effectively overcome possible"dimensional obstacles"in dynamic programming ofmultiple dimensions. Furthermore.each sub-model is relatively independent by using various optimization methods. The model represents a new approach for improving irrigation efficiency, implementing water-saving irrigation, and solving the problem of water shortage in the region studied. The model can be extended in arid and semi-arid areas for better water management.
Deficit irrigation, Decomposition and harmonization, Dynamic programming, Allocation of water resources, Irrigation scheduling
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【期刊论文】Effect of nitrogen on root and shoot relations and gas exchange in winter wheat
上官周平
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
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上官周平, SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping, ZHENG Shu-xia, ZHANG Lei-ming and XUE Qing-wu
Agricultural Sciences in China 2005, 4 (1): 15-20,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The effect of nitrogen fertilization on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was studied in field-grown winter wheat during grain filling under rainfed conditions in Loess Plateau. Results showed that the actual photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ reaction center (F PSⅡ) decreased significantly as leaf water stress progressed, however, the F PS was increased by nitrogen fertilization. The F PSⅡ of 0, 90 and 180kg ha-1 nitrogen treatments at noon were 0.197, 0.279 and 0.283, respectively, which decreased by 57.7, 56.4 and 40.2% as compared to those in the morning. In the afternoon, the F PS Ⅱ partialy or completely recovered to the levels in the morning. The values of F PS Ⅱ in 0 and 90kg ha-1 treatments recovered to 87.3 and 81.5% of those in the morning. In 180kg ha-1 treatment, the F PSⅡ in the afternoon was even higher than that in the morning. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP). These results indicated that application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the light energy conversion efficiency, the potential activity of photosynthetic reaction center, and the non-photochemical dissipation of excess light energy, which can prevent leaf photosynthetic apparatus from damage of environmental stress. However, there was no significant difference in the values of F PS Ⅱ between 90 and 180kg ha-1 nitrogen treatments, indicating that the excess nitrogen was unfavorable to photosynthesis.
Nitrogen fertilizer, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Winter wheat, Dryland
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【期刊论文】Mechanisms of Physiological Regulation for Improving Dryland Crop Water Use
上官周平, SHANGGUAN Zhouping, and XUE Qingwu
Agricultural Sciences in China Vol. 2 No.9 957-963 ,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
This paper briefly reviews the physiological mechanisms for improving crop water use and water use eff iciency in dryland farming regions of Loess Plateau on the basis of its environmental conditions and progress in crop water relations and the biological basis of water2saving agriculture, especially in non2uniform stomatal closure, ABA effects, communication between root and shoot, and water use eff iciency. Root chemi2 cal signals about water shortage are feedforward effect which contributes to balanced water relations within the plant compartment of the soil2plant2atmosphere continuum. ABA production is increased in tissues during these stresses, and this causes a variety of physiological effects, including stomata closure in leaves. It is con2 cluded that the root chemical signal ABA is very important to improve the crop water use eff iciency in semi2 arid area of Loess Plateau.
Water use eff iciency, Non2uniform stomatal closure, Root chemical signal, Semi2arid area
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上官周平, 邵明安
水利学报,1999,10 33~36,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
针对黄土高原半干旱地区农业生产条件,结合作物水分与抗旱生理及节水农业的生物学基础方面的有关研究进展, 从植物叶片气孔非均匀关闭、光合机构运转、作物根冠通讯、水分利用效率等方面论述了改善旱区作物水分利用的生理调控机制,认为通过根源逆境感应信号-ABA来调控作物气孔行为是黄土高原半干旱地区提高作物水分利用效率的关键。
水分利用效率, 气孔非均匀关闭, 根化学信号, 半干旱区.,
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【期刊论文】Runoff water management technologies for dryland agriculture on the Loess Plateau of China
上官周平, Z.P. Shangguan, , M.A. Shao, T.W. Lei, and T.L. Fan
Int. J. Suclain. Dev. World Ecol. 9(2002)341-350,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Arid and semi-arid envirouments undergo periodic seasonal agricultural droughts of varying extents and duration, crratic and ineffective rainfall of high intensity and short duration, with high surface runoff. High efficiency water-havesting agriculture has been routincly used in the Loess Platcau agricultural production of China over the past 10 years. Localized habital effect and regional water resource cnrichment are the theoretical basis of high efficient water-harvesting agriculture. Fcatures of this agricultural system are described, including: water harvesting of surface runoff from roads and collection in concrete yards on plastic sheets; weter storage cellar tanks for harvesting runoff to provide life-saving/critical irrigation, with devices for water lifting and conveying such as hand pumps and pipelines; feasible methods of water use for limited supplies such as drip, hole, subsoil, and super-sheet irrigation; agronomic measures of high water use efficiency; and field micro-catchment for water harvesting and conservation to increase fallow efficiency in rainy seasons. Using the stored runoff water to irrigate the mulched winter wheat and spring corn, as well as vegetables and fruit trees, significant yield increasing and water use efficiency improvements have been achieved. Plastic mulching for increasing fallow efficiency in rainy scasons and improving yield of the next winter wheat crop have been developed and demonstrated. These techniques have provided obvious benefits in terms of soil and water conservation on slope farmland in the hill regions and remarkable effects of storing water and reducing drought in the dryland farming regions have been obtained.
Dryland farming,, Loess Plateau,, raimfall-havesting,, water-saving irrigation,, localized habitat effect water use efficiency
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