陈发虎
博士 教授
兰州大学 资源环境学院
黄土气候记录、气候快速变化、全新世和历史时期环境变化、干旱区地理与环境等
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- 姓名:陈发虎
- 目前身份:在职研究人员
- 担任导师情况:
- 学位:博士
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学术头衔:
博士生导师, 教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者
- 职称:高级-教授
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学科领域:
地理学
- 研究兴趣:黄土气候记录、气候快速变化、全新世和历史时期环境变化、干旱区地理与环境等
陈发虎,男,汉族,1962年12月生,陕西丹凤人,中共党员,博士,教授,博士生导师,中国科学院院士。曾任兰州大学副校长。
1984年毕业于兰州大学自然地理学专业,获学士学位,1987年获硕士学位,1990年获博士学位。1995-1997年英国利物浦大学地理系博士后。1990年起在兰州大学地理系任教,1992年任副教授,1995年任教授和自然地理学博士生导师。1998年任兰州大学地理系副主任,1999-2005年任首届资源环境学院院长,2005-2008年任教育部“985”二期“西北资源环境与生态”I类科技创新平台首席科学家。2005年辞去院长职务专任“西部环境教育部重点实验室”主任,2007年起任兰州大学副校长,2008年起任校学术委员会副主任。2010-2014年任西部环境与气候变化研究院学术委员会主任。2015年入选中国科学院院士。
主要从事环境变化、古气候和干旱区地理研究。在中国西部黄土地层和气候记录、干旱区湖泊记录、晚第四纪气候快速变化、环境考古等研究领域有重要贡献。在史前人类永久定居青藏高的过程和机制、亚洲中纬度地区气候变化的“西风模态”等方面有重要创新性认识。主持完成国家“973”项目的课题3项、国家自然科学面上和重点基金项目6项、国家基金委创新群体基金1项;参加完成“85”攀登项目等。目前主持国家自然科学基金重点项目1项、面上项目1项、教育部学科引智项目1项。出版专著4部,编辑英文专刊5本。在Science、PNAS、ESR、Scientific Reports、Nature Climate Change、Climate Dynamics、QSR、Palaeo-3、Holocene、《中国科学》等发表论文360篇(SCI论文210篇),包括第一或通讯作者论文79篇(含SCI论文53篇)。论著总被引7670次,SCI刊物总引4112次(他引3489次)。H指数33,是国际地球科学前1%的高引用科学家。研究成果获省部级科技奖和社会科学奖9项,含一等奖5项,2007年获国家自然科学二等奖1项(第一完成人)。
1994年获教育部跨世纪人才计划、1996年获中国青年科技奖、1997年享受国务院政府津贴,1997年入选中组部1-2层次国家“百千万”人才计划,1998年获甘肃省优秀专家。2002年获国家基金委杰出青年基金,2002入选中国科学院“百人计划”,2005-2013年任国家基金委创新群体负责人,2005-2016年任国家外专局/教育部自然地理学学科引智创新计划负责人。曾任国际第四纪联合会(INQUA)东亚全新世分委员会主席、亚洲中部古气候工作组主席等;曾兼任英国伦敦大学学院地理系、利物浦大学地理系等大学访问教授;现任国际地理联合会环境演变委员会(Environment Evolution Commission)副主席,国际古湖沼学会咨询委员会委员;任中国地理学会、中国资源学会副理事长,任中国第四纪研究会常务理事,任中国地理学会环境变化委员会主任、资源学会干旱半干旱区资源专业委员会主任、中国第四纪研究会干旱区环境专业委员会主任,任教育部地理学教学指导委员会主任等。兼任SCI刊物《Frontier of Earth Science》、《中国科学.地球科学》(中英文)和《Journal of Arid Land》副主编,任《冰川冻土》、《地理科学》、《湖泊科学》副主编,任《Journal of Quaternary Science》、《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》和国内《第四纪研究》、《地球科学进展》、《湖泊科学》、《海洋地质与第四纪地质》、《中国沙漠》、《干旱区地理》、《自然资源学报》等多家杂志编委。
曾获宝钢优秀教师奖、首届甘肃省十大杰出青年科技奖和全国先进工作者等荣誉称号。参加三次行政培训。2008年2-3月参加国家行政学院的高校领导执政能力培训(任小班班长),2009年11-12月参加美国团的高校领导国外培训项目(任副团长);2011年10月参加美国耶鲁大学的高校领导能力培训研讨耶鲁班。
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陈发虎, F.H. Chen a, J. Bloemendal b, *, Z.D. Feng c, J.M. Wang c, E. Parker b, Z.T. Guo d
Quaternary Science Reviews 18(1999)1127-1135,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
We present the results of high-resolution multi-proxy climate studies of the S1 palaeosol, corresponding to oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 5, from the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau area. Here, S1 is much thicker (ca. 6-8m) than in the central Loess Plateau areas (ca. 2m), where most previous studies have been conducted. Hence, much higher-resolution stratigraphic studies are possible, yielding more insight into the temporal variations of the East Asian monsoon during MIS 5. The frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, as well as the concentration of secondary carbonate, is used as an indicator of the summer monsoon intensity, and the median particle size as an indicator of the winter monsoon intensity. The results suggest that the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau experienced the strongest summer monsoon intensity in sub-stage (OISS) 5e and the weakest in OISS 5a, among the three warmer periods during stage 5. The summer monsoon was weaker in OISS 5b than in OISS 5d. A dusty interval interrupted the second warmer period (5c) and a soil-forming event interrupted the first colder period (5d). The results also suggest that the directions of changes in the intensities of summer and winter monsoons may not always have been proportionately opposite. For example, the weakest summer monsoon occurred in OISS 5a during which the winter monsoon was not the strongest. We further conclude that the winter monsoon during the last interglacial was probably driven by global ice volume fluctuations, while the summer monsoon was primarily controlled by the northern hemisphere solar insolation and was probably modified by a feedback mechanism. That is, the climatic buaering e!ect of low-latitudinal oceans may have distorted the response of the summer monsoon to insolation variations. Finally, our results do not show the degree of climatic instability comparable to that recorded in the GRIP ice core for the last interglacial (OISS 5e), even though the study area is situated in a region which has been sensitive to climatic changes.
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陈发虎, Qi Shia, b, Fa-Hu Chen a, *, Yan Zhu a, David Madsen c
Quaternary International 93-94(2002)31-43,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Investigations of geomorphology and sedimentology, and analyses of radiocarbon dates, grain size and carbonate of the sediment at the present-dry closed basin in the terminal area of Shiyang River in arid China were conducted to recover the history of palaeolake change since the last glacial. The terminal area was covered by eolian sand before 13,000 14CBP. Lacustrine deposits covered the eolian sand after 13,000 14CBP, but were succeeded rapidly by eolian or fluvial deposits ca. 11,200-10,000 BP. This fact plus the grain-size distribution and CaCO3 content showed that climate was extremely dry during the last glacial, but wet-dry oscillations characterized the late glacial. A single coalescent lake, over 45m deep and 2130km2, formed between 10,000-6400 14C BP in the basin. The lake disintegrated into several shallow carbonate lakes or swamps gradually after 6400 14CBP. Eolian sand reached into the most part of the basin during the period. The lake evolution in the area generally reflects the East Asian summer monsoon history forced by Northern hemisphere insolation. Short time-scale lake fluctuations also existed in the area since the last glacial.
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陈发虎, Fa-Hu Chen, , Qi Shi & Jian-Min Wang**
Journal of Paleolimnology 22: 159-169, 1999.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
In this study, a 6m long core (16,000 BP) at the center of the dry Lake Yiema, a closed lake of Shiyang River drainage in Minqin Basin of the arid northwestern China, was retrieved to recover the history of climate changes and lake evolution in the area. Five radiocarbon dates on organic matter were obtained. A chronological sequence is established based on these five dates and other dates from nearby sites. Magnetic susceptibility, particle size and chemical composition were analysized for climate proxies. The proxies indicate that a drier climate prevailed in the Shiyang River drainage during the last glacial. Lake Yiema was dry and eolian sand covered most part of the lake basin. During the early and middle Holocene, a moister climate prevailed in the drainage. Climate became dry stepwise with an abrupt transition from one stage to another during the entire Holocene and became driest since about 4,200 BP. Maximum dry climate spells occurred at about 12,000-10,000 BP and after about 4,200 BP. A dry climate event also existed at about 7,600 BP. Periodical sand storms with about 400-yr cycle happened during the middle Holocene. Desiccation processes of the lake started at 4,200 BP, and were accelerated since the last 2,500 yrs by the inflow water diversion for agriculture irrigation. During the past 2,500 yrs, the lake size has been closed associated with the human population, implying that the human impact has been accelerating the lake desiccation superimposed on the natural climate deterioration.
lake record,, Holocene environmental changes,, arid northwestern China
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陈发虎, F.H. Chen a, *, J. Bloemendal b, P.Z. Zhang c, G.X. Liu d
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 151(1999)307-320,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
We present the results of magnetic susceptibility, geochemical and pollen analyses of a 120-m-long core of lacustrine and fluvial sediments from the Zoige Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Palaeomagnetic dating indicates that the sediment sequence spans the last ca. 800ky. The magnetic susceptibility record appears to be related to global ice volume over this period and this relationship is used to produce a tentative revised chronology for the sediment sequence. The various climate proxies show a pattern of periodic variations over the last 800ky BP. The date of 500ky BP is a significant boundary: prior to this date, the climate proxies show a pattern of more frequent variability; after 500ky BP the variations are of lower frequency and higher amplitude. The results also indicate that marine oxygen isotope stage 13 was an unusually intense interglacial in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and Chinese Loess Plateau areas.
Quaternary, Tibetan Plateau, palaeoclimatology, lake sediments, magnetic susceptibility
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陈发虎, F. H. Chen a, *, J. Bloemendal b, , J.M. Wang a, J.J. Li a, Oldfield b
Palaeogeoraphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130(1997)323-335,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The loess/paleosol sequence in loess layer L1 (Malan Loess) is invesitgated in three regions of the Western Chinese Loess Plateau, Nine pedogenic layers are found n L1 and three proxy climate indices, magnetic susceptibility (MS), grain size (GS) and CaCO3 content, are measured at intervals of 0.2 kyr in order to recover records of monsoon climate variations. Time series of MS, GS and CaCO3 content document the ghigh resolution history of summer and winther monsonn climate variations over the last 75 kyr. The records show a high degree of similarity to the warm interstadials recorded in ice cores from Greenlandand the Antarctic, and with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic, during the last glacial cycle. Bond cycles are also recorded by the Chinese loess records. Overall, our results indi8cate that numerous rapid changes in climate occurred in China during the last glacial cyfcle, but that the rage of climate variations was smaller than recorded in Greenland.
Loess, Paleoclimated, Interstadials, Monsonn
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【期刊论文】Lipid distributions in loess-paleosol sequences from northwest China
陈发虎, Shucheng Xie a, *, Fahu Chen b, Zhiyuan Wang a, Hongmei Wang a, Yansheng Gu a, Yongsong Huang c
Organic Geochemistry 34(2003)□-□,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Molecular stratigraphic analyses using GC/MS have been performed on the top section of the Jiuzhoutai loesspaleosol sequences near Lanzhou in northwest China, with a record extending from the second-last interglacial through the present interglacial. The various molecular fossils identified from the second-order loess and paleosol layers include C14-C35 n-alkanes, C8-C30 n-alkanoic acids, C12-C30 n-alkanols and C23-C33 n-alkan-2-ones. The CPI (carbon preference index) values and the ratio of C29/C31 n-alkan-2-ones display alternations between loess deposits and paleosols. They show a significant correlation with the loess magnetic susceptibility, an indicator of the East Asian summer monsoon. The observed variations of the ketone indices in relation to the change of lithology are proposed to result from microbial re-working of higher plant inputs in the paleosols.
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陈发虎, ZHU Yan, , CHEN Fahu & Madsen David
Chinese Science bulletin 2002, 47 (4): 267~273,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Pollen analyses of 85 samples from the Sanjiaocheng section well along the margin of a palaeolake at the end of the Shiyang River, NW China, show that Picea and Sabina dominate the pollen assemblage. Together they reach as high as 40% 60%, with the percentage of Picea varying inversely with that of Sabina. Similar results were obtained from another section in the Shiyang River drainage. Using modern ecological habitat relationship analogues, pollen transport characteristics, and the overall pollen assemblage, we propose that both Picea and Sabina pollen were transported by the river from the mountains at the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, and that the assemblage is more indicative of changes in upland vegetation than of local conditions near the section. This interpretation is supported by pollen data derived from surface samples, water samples, and riverbed samples. Using a moisture indicator (the Picea to Sabina ratio) and calculated pollen concentrations, we identify a series of palaeoenvironmental changes during the early Holocene (10-6.3 14C kaBP).
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陈发虎, CHEN Fahu, ZHU Yan, , LI Jijun, SHI Qi, JIN Liya & B. W
Chinese Science Bulletin 2001, 46 (23): 1942~1947,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Considerable research is now focusing on abrupt Holocene changes at millennial-and centennial-scales all over the world. This study shows that the changes in the Holocene summer monsoon can be divided into two main periods, based on climatic proxy records of lake sediments from the Sanjiaocheng section located at the NW boundary of the summer monsoon, Gansu Province. The early and middle Holocene was humid with stronger summer monsoon, while the late Holocene is dry with weak summer monsoon. Detailed results also show a series of millennial-and centennial-scale changes in the intensity of the summer monsoon, with a periodicity of 1600 years during the whole Holocene, and with a periodicity of 800 years during the early Holocene. Ten dry events during the Holocene are associated with the weakening of the summer monsoon. These rapid climatic changes may be representative of a global climatic change pattern during the Holocene.
Holocene,, lake d, o, c, u, m, e, n, t, ,, rapid changes.,
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【期刊论文】East Asian monsoon climates and Gobi dynamics in marine isotope stages 4 and 3
陈发虎, Z.-D. Feng a, ), F.-H. Chen b, L.-Y. Tang c, J.-C. Kang d
Catena 33 1998.29-46,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Several thick last glacial loess sequences in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau and an eolian-colluvial sequence in the central Mongolian Plateau are used to understand how the summer and winter monsoons responded to global forcing factors during marine isotope stages MIS.4 and 3. The magnetic susceptibility data are compared with other climatic proxy data to improve the well-publicized reconstruction of the past monsoons. This study suggests that different sensitivities between the summer and winter monsoons in responding to the northern insolation resulted in transitional climates between marine isotope stages, which were characterised by cold and wet climates in the western part of Chinese Loess Plateau. After forest-steppe in MIS 5, coniferous forest emerged at the MIS 5/MIS 4 transition in cold and moist conditions. These imply that the lower latitude oceans were still capable of supplying water vapour to the continental interior, and that the Mongolian High became dominant when the northern insolation entered a stadial state MIS 4.. Coniferous forest dominated MIS 4, but thereafter deteriorated to a steppe towards the end of the MIS 4, probably because the lower latitude oceans failed to supply water vapour to the interiors. A coniferous forest emerged again at the MIS 3rMIS 2 transition after forest-steppe in MIS 3. Consequently, the southern boundary of the Gobi Desert retreated northwards during the coniferous tree-dominated periods between 73 and 60ka and between 27 and 19ka, and expanded to maxima between 60 and 50ka and between 19 and 10ka. The extent of the Gobi Desert was considerably smaller for several times around 47ka and 41ka, and 27qka. during MIS 3 than during the Holocene, and the northern boundary retreated 5 timesaround 20ka, 24ka, 29ka, 31ka, and 34ka. in just the later part of MIS 3. q1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Monsoon, Paleoclimatology, Quaternary, Last glacial, East Asia
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陈发虎, 朱艳, , 程波, 张家武, David B. MADSEN
Acta Botonica Sinica 2002, 44 (3): 367-372,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
石羊河流域初春和仲夏两委不同地点,洪水期、平水期30个河水样孢粉分析显不,没有人类影响的情况下,河水样孢粉组合是由河流上游径流区的植物孢粉和采样点附近植被孢粉组成的,前者的在孢粉组合中至少占30%~60%。河水搬运孢粉的能力非常强,可长距离、大量地搬运孢粉。孢粉组合中河水贡献孢粉的合量较高,如:云杉属(Picea Dietr.)花粉河水的贡献率在中下游可达16.5~7.7%。采样时间、地点影响河水的孢粉组合和浓度,洪水期是孢粉搬运的主要时期。河水经过水库后,其中孢粉绝大多数沉积在水库中。
孢粉分析, 现代河水, 石羊河, 干旱区
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