Changes in number and distribution fo retinal ganglion cells were studied after optic nerve crush in zebrafish (Brudrylanio rerio) with retinal wholemount. There were approximately 40, 000 to 56, 000 cells in he retinal ganglion cell layer. The density of ganglion cells was divided into aix classess and the area of ligh-est cell density (central area) was located at the temponal area to the optic disc in normal fish. At the early re-generation stages after optic nerve crush, the percentage of lost cells increased gradually. Cell density had fallen first in the central area. At the late regeneration stages, there was an approximately 20% loss of ganglion cells. During optic nerve regenenation. The results suggest that the loss of cells may undergo apoptosis racher the necrosis. A wave of cell loss started in the central area and spread progrevely further into periphery. The reason caused these charges may be due to tempotal interruption of optic nerve function, recovery from crush and the dbility to quickly regererate in optic nerve of the fish.

作用用光施和电镇研究了花背蟾蜍蝌蚪变态期角膜的发展。在后皮发育晚期，内外角膜在中央部位首先集合，在完全变态期角膜完全愈合，此对角膜上皮细胞增殖，上皮基质变为Baweman's膜，内外角膜之间的成纤维细胞和由它分泌的胶原纤维形成角膜基质，内角膜细胞形成单层的角膜内皮，它与角膜基质间Desccmers膜最快形成。

研究了斑马鱼（Brach ydanio reria）视网膜整体璇片的组织结构，着重观察和分析了视网膜神经节细胞的数目及密度分布情况。结果表明，其视网膜组织结构符合脊椎动物的基本模式。视网膜面积为3.04±0.29mm2，高神经乳头位于视网膜的偏激两侧。视网膜神经节细胞总数约为40000-56000个，分成6级密度水平。在视神经乳头偏激部位有一高密度区即中央区，沿鼻轴分布，神经节细胞核大小均匀，呈规则的圆形。

Objective. To study the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandins (PGs) in cervical tissues of differential pathological types, especially in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma, and their possible relationships in carcinogenesis. Methods. Tissue blocks and blood samples from 20 normal cervix women, 20 cervix inflammation patients, 20 CIN patients and 40 patients with cervical carcinoma, respectively, at our institutions from February 2000 to March 2002 were available for this study. COX-2 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). COX-2 and VEGF proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to them. PGs (PGE2, TXB2, 6-k-PGF1a) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Result. The overall positive expression of COX-2 and the quantity of PGs, especially PGE2 in inflammation, CIN and cervical carcinoma was higher and much higher than that in normal cervix (P b 0.001), There was a close relationship between COX-2 and PGs. The positive expression rate of VEGF in cervical carcinoma was higher than that in normal, inflammatory and CIN cervix, respectively (P b 0.001). VEGF protein was occasionally expressed in CIN cervix (15%). There was no association among COX-2, VEGF and clinicopathological parameters in cervical carcinoma. The expression of COX-2 and VEGF in cases with tumor in diameter more than 4 cm (90.9%, 72.7%) was higher than those with smaller tumor (86.2%, 51.7%). Conclusions. The COX-2 probably is a gene involved early in carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma by increase of PGs, and accelerates the progress of tumor by increase of PGs and VEGF. Therefore testing the expression of PGs may be a prognosis marker for clinical diagnosis.

Typically, small lizards rely heavily on behavioral thermoregulation rather than physiological mechanisms to control their rates of warming and cooling. We tested the hypothesis that prostaglandins participate in mediating the cardiovascular response to heating and cooling and temperature regulating neurons in the hypothalamus of the small lizard Phrynocephalus przewalskii. In vivo and in vitro treatments, heart rates (HRs) were all found to be higher during heating than during cooling, hysteresis was distinct below 30 and 26 C, respectively. In vivo, as administration of COX inhibitor, there were no differences in HR between heating and cooling at any body temperature and administration of agonist prostaglandins only produced a significant effect on HR below 25 C. Single-unit activity was recorded extracellularly in vitro with microelectrodes, found the firing rate of the continuous unit increased 23% when the temperature of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid dropped from 30-20 C. We conclude that prostaglandins appear to play only a limited role in modulating heart activity in Phrynocephalus przewalskii and suggest that cold-sensitive neurons in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) are involved in thermoregulatory control during heating or cooling.

Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, one of metabolites of ginseng saponins, has been well characterized to possess the pleiotropic anticancer capabilities in several cancer cell lines. The object of this study was to investigate the effects of ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on the invasion in vitro and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in absence of cytotoxicity. Our results showed that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT1080 cells (IC50 was 76.78∫2.24 mM, 48hr). Treatment with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol significantly declined the invasive capacity of HT1080 cells compared to the control cells (P 0.01) in the in vitro invasion assay. Further analysis with gelatin zymography and western blotting revealed that both the activity and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 decreased dramatically in a concentrationdependent manner (P 0.01). Taken together, these results indicated that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol is able to inhibit the invasiveness of HT1080 cells significantly in vitro and this action may be primarily due to down-regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, a metabolite of ginseng, may be applied as a potential therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Although the retinotectal projection of goldfish has long been known to have a high degree of retinotopic order, the structural basis for this in terms 0f the precise positioning of axonal arbors from neighboring retinal ganglion cells has not been determined. In studying this. a small number of neighboring retinal ganglion cells was selectively labeled by a microinjection of Dil into the retina. Following axoplasmic titansport for several days. the tectum was removed and flat-mounted for fluorescence microscopy. The iniection labeled a small number of axons and their terminal arbors which ranged in size from 108 x 134um to 394

从小白鼠胚胎第8D形成视泡开始到发育为成体的眼为止，详细观察和描述了其限的形态发育变化，实验以视网膜、晶体和角膜的发育为主，结果表明：视网膜的发育从胚胎第8d视泡出现开始，在胚胎第9.5d分化为2层，第11.5d分化为4层，刚出生时分为为6层，成年已分化完全，具完整的10层结构；晶体的形态发生经历了晶体板（第9.5d）、晶体凹（第10d）、晶体囊（第10.5d）初级晶体纤维（第11.5d）及次级晶体纤维（第12d）等阶段，最后于胚胎第14d发育为完全分化的晶体；角膜的发育从胚胎11d形成预定角膜上皮开始，到第13d发育为角膜上皮，第14d开始出现角膜基质，第15d形成角膜内皮，至此发育完全，根据以上眼主要部分形态发生的变化，讨论了在整个眼的发育过程中存在的视泡诱导晶体形成及视网膜和（或）晶体诱导角膜形成的诱导关系。

GP7(4-[4"-(2", 2", 6",6"-tetramethyl-l-piperi-dinyloxy) aminol-4-demethyl epipodophyllotoxin). a new spin-labeled derivative of podophylIotoxin, is a promising antlcancer drug of podophyllotoxin class The primary effect of GP7 is the anticancer activity on transplanted mouse tumors and cultured tumor cells. However. its molecular mechanism of action IS still obscure In this study. we investigated the activity ofGP7 to induce apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 and Jurkat cells Apoptosis was determined by detection of DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis GP7 induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation of HL-60 and Jurkat ceils in time-and dose-dependent manner. We further investigated the activity ofcaspase-3 in GP7-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation of HL-60 and Jurkat cells GP7 also induced time-and dose-dependent caspase-3 activation in both cell lines, and the kinetics of caspase-3 activation induced by GP7 was well correlated with that of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. To determine the role of cilspase-3 in GP7-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, we examined the effect of specific caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, on GP7-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation Ac-DEVD-CHO prevented GP7-induced caspase-3 activation in both HL-60 and Jurkat cells, however, it only inhibited GP7-induced apoptonc internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells We then employed L-carnitine to investigate the role of caspase-3 in GP7-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation L-carnitine treatment prevented GP7-induced caspase-3 activation in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner Similar to Ac-DEVD-CHO. L-camitine only inhibited GP7-induced apoptotic internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that GP7 exems an anti-leukemic erfect by both caspase-3-dependent and-independent apoptotic signaling pathways

用石蜡连续切片苏木精染色法，通过定量分析研究来伤和切断视神经后，斑马鱼视网膜神经节细胞、视杆和视连细胞密度的变化。结果发现，在损伤视神7-21d后，上述3种细胞的细胞核密度均呈减少趋势，节细胞减少的比率大于感光细胞，而感光细胞中视维细胞所受影响比视杆细胞更为明显；在夹伤和切断视神经两种情况中，后者引起民视网膜神经节细胞核密度的减少更为显著。上述结果表明，损伤视神经不但影响与其相逢的神经节细胞而且可逆向跨神经元地影响感光细胞的变化。由上述结果推测，由子损伤视神经使视网膜神经节细胞失去靶组织而引起的中各神经细胞密度减少是视网膜中神经细胞凋亡的表现。