陈文新
豆科植物根瘤菌资源多样性、分类和系统发育研究。
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- 姓名:陈文新
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学术头衔:
博士生导师, 中国科学院院士
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学科领域:
微生物学
- 研究兴趣:豆科植物根瘤菌资源多样性、分类和系统发育研究。
陈文新,女,中科院院士,土壤与环境微生物学家,中国农业大学生物学院教授。1926年出生于湖南浏阳。1952年毕业于武汉大学农学院土化系。1958年在前苏联季米里亚捷夫农学院获副博士学位。回国后一直在北京农业大学从事微生物学教学和科学研究。
陈文新教授近30年,对我国豆科植物根瘤菌资源多样性、分类和系统发育研究,做了大量的系统性工作,取得以下主要成果:
一、她亲自带领学生并组织全国100余人,对我国32个省市,700个县,不同生态条件下的各种豆科植物结瘤情况进行了调查,采集植物根瘤菌标本8000多份,包括豆科植物100多属,600多种,新发现结瘤植物300多种;分离、保藏根瘤菌7000多株,所保藏菌株数量和所属宿主植物种类居世界首位;通过对2000多株菌的100多项表型性状分析,发现了一批耐酸、耐碱、耐盐、耐高温、或低温下生长的根瘤菌。其高抗逆特性超过了国际上所报道的。这是一批珍贵的种质资源。
二、她率先在国内建立了细菌分子分类实验室,确认了一套现代根瘤菌分类技术方法,对2000多株菌的研究,描述并发表了两个根瘤菌新属,14个新种(还有8个新种待发表),占1984年以来国际上所发表根瘤菌新属的1/2,新种的1/3。其中一个新属名中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium gen. nov. 1988),是根据我国特有的快生大豆根瘤菌研究确定的,该属的发表被国际同行评论为发现根瘤菌新属的首创性工作。另一为中、慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium gen. nov.1997),是根据我国新疆一群特殊的根瘤菌研究确定的。全部新属种均被收录入Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 第二版。这大大丰富了国际根瘤菌系统发育体系,也证明我国根瘤菌种质的极大多样性。由于她在根瘤菌分类学中的贡献,1996年当选为国际根瘤菌/土壤杆菌分类分委会委员,1988年被邀参加编写国际微生物学大型工具书“伯杰氏系统细菌学手册” 第二版中根瘤菌部分内容。
三、她研究发现在不同生态条件下,一种植物可与多属、种根瘤菌共生固氮,而在相同生态区域,多属、种豆科植物的根瘤菌常归属于一个种。她从根瘤菌分类学角度证实并提出“根瘤菌与宿主的共生关系因生态环境的差异而具多样性”的观点,从而更新了根瘤菌“宿主专一性”的传统观念。
四、她分析了我国过去根瘤菌接种效果不稳定的原因,根据研究提出根瘤菌选种必须针对豆科植物品种及种植地区的生态环境,从大量菌株中选择最佳匹配,经他们对多种牧草品种及甘草等的匹配选种,在河北、内蒙、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等省小面轵实验,已收到增产20—30%及更高的效果。
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陈文新, E.T.Wang, , P.van Berkum, X.H.Sui, D.Beyene, W.X.Chen and E.Martinez-Romero
International Journal of Systermatic Bacteriology (1999), 49, 51-65,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Fifty-five Chinese isolates form nodules of Amorpha fruticosa were characterized and compared with the type strains of teh species and genera of baceria which form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with teguminous host plants A polyphasic approach which inclued RFLP of PCR-amplifiod 165 rRNA genes, multiolcus enzyme elctrophoresis (MLEE) DNA-DNA hybrization 165 rRNA gene sequencing electrophorestic plasmid profiles cross-nodulation and a phenotypic study was used in teh comparatie analysis The isolated originated from several different sites in China and they varaied in their phenotypic and genetic characteristics The majority of teh isolates had moderate to slow growth rates produced acid on YMA and harboured a 930kb symbiotic plasmid (pSym) Five different RFLP patterns were idnetified among the 165 rRNA genes of all lthe isolates isolates grouped by PCR-RFLP of the 165 rRNA genes were also separated into groups by variation in MLEE profiles and by DNA-DNA hybrizdization A representatie isolate from each of these DNA homology groups had a separated position in a phylogenetic tree as determined from sequencing analyss of teh 165 rRNA genes A new species Mesorhizobium amorphae is proposed for th majority of the isolates which belonged to a moderatly slow-to slow-growing acid-producing group based upon their distinct hylogenctic position their unique electrophoretic type, their low DNA homology with reference strains representing the species within the genus Mesorhizobium and their distinct phenotypic features Strain ACCCC 19665 was cholsen as the type strain for M. amorphae sp. nov.
Mesorhzobium amorphac,, Antorpha fruticose polyphasic taxonomy,, diversity,, thizobia
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陈文新, Ge Hong Wei, , Zhi Yuan Tan, Ming E Zhu, En Tao Wang, Su Zhen Han and Wen Xin Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbrology (2003) 53 1575-1583,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Twenty-nine rhiizobial isolates from foot nodules of Astragatus and Lespedeza spp. growing on teh Loess Plateau of China were characterizod by numorical taxonomy RFLP and sequencing of PCR-ampilfied 16S rRNA genes measurement of DNA G+C content DNA-DNA relatedness and cross nodulaltion with selected legume species Based on teh results of umerical taxonomy the isolated formed two clusters (1 and 2) with some single isolates at a similarity tevet of 82% Ciuster 1 contained six isolated from Astragalus and Lespedeza spp. Cluster 2 consisted of nie isolated from Astragalus spp DNA relatedness was greater than 80% among isolates within cluster 2 Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed taht CCBAU 7190B, reperesenting cluster 2 was cluosely related to Rhizobium galegae and Rhizobium huautlense DNA-DNA relatedness between CCBAU 7190BT and reference strains of R galegae, R. huautlense and othe related species ranged from 0 to 48.6% The cluster 2 isolates could slso be differentiated phenotypically from related species Bacsed on these data a novel species Rhizobium loessenxse sp .nov is proposed fro clustor 2 with the type strain CCBAU 7190BT (=AS1.3401T=LMG21975T).
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【期刊论文】Rhizobium yanglingense sp. nov., isolated from arid and semi-arid regions in China
陈文新, Zhi Yuan Tan, , Feng Ling Kan, Gui Xiang Peng, En Tao Wang, Barbara Reinold-Hurek and Wen Xina Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51 909-914,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A novel rhizobial group cluster 9 defined in previous research Tan Z. Y., Wang E. T., Peng G. X. Zhu M.E., Martinez-ROMERO E Chen W. X. (1999) Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 1457-1469 was further characterized by determination of DNA base composition whole-cell protein SDS-PAGE analysis DNA-DNA hybridization 165 rRNA gene sequencing and host specificity These isolates were collected from the wild legumes Amphicarpaea trisperma Coronilla varia and Gueldenstaedtia multiflora growing in arid and semi-arid regions in north-wesern China lsolated within cluster 9 grouped into a single cluster above a similarity level of 90.6% in a cluster analysis based on protein SDS-PAGE and they were differentiated from defined rhizobial species comparative analysis of 165 rRNA gene sequences showed that isolate CCBAU 71623, representing cluster 9 was most related to Rhizobium gallicum and Rhizobium mongolense The DNA-DNA homologies were lower thatn 42.4% among cluster 9 and defined species including R. gallicum and R. MONGOLENSE Theese data indicated that cluster 9 was a unique genomic species lsoateds within this cluster could share their host plants They clould nt nodulate Galega orientalis and Leucarena leucocephala and formed inefeective nodulels on phaseolus vuaris This Group could also be differentiated from defined species by phenotypic characteristics it is therefore proposed as a new species Rhizobium yanglingense with isolate CCBAU 71623 as the type strain.
Rhizobium yanglingense,, Amphlearpaen trisperma,, Coronilla xaria,, Gueldenstaedtia multifiora,, phylogeny
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陈文新, Zhu Yun Yao, , Feng Ling Kan, En Tao Wang, Ge Hong Wei, and Wen Xin Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52, 2219-2230,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Legume species belonging to the genus Lespecieza are annual or perennial herb or shrub plants that grow in the northern hemisphere They are known for the formation of root nodules but little in for mation is available about their microsymbionts In this study 58 root-nodule isolates from Lespedeza spp., obtained from China and the USA were characterized using muberical taxonomic analysis of phenotypic features SDS-PAGE analysis and cross-nodulation with selected legume species from the results generated using these approaches it was concluded that Lespedeza spp. were promiscuous hosts for rhizobia Four main clusters of bactera which included 35 of strains isolated from Lespedeza spp., were defined upon numerical taxonomic analysis; these groups corresponded to those determined from analyses of protein electrophoretic and DNA-DNA hybridization data The four clusters were found to define strains belonging to one of four species Sinorrhizobium saheli Bradyrhizobium japonicum Bradyrhizobium elkani or a novel species of the genus Bradyrhizobium The strains of B japonicum and B. elkanii were all from the USA soil samples and their representative strains could not nodulate soybean The seven strains found to represent the novel Bradyrhizobium sp. were from China These were differentiated from recognized species of the genus Bradyrhizobium by all of the taxonomic methods used here hence it is peoposed that the novel strains isolated from Lespedeza spp. represent a novel species of teh genus Bradyrhizobium Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense The type strain of teh novel species CCBAU 10071 (=CFNEB 101), formed ineffective nodules on Medicago sativa and Melilotus albus but did not nodulate soybean. The other 23 bacterial strains isolated from lespedeza spp. were found to form single branches or small groups (two to three strains) that were related to Bradyrhizobium mesorhizobium Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium spp. on the basis of numerical taxonomic analyss indicating the possibility that other rhizobial species are also associated with lespedeza sppo.
Lespedczd,, Brudyrhizobium,, Simorhizobionm,, diversity,, phylogeny
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陈文新, W.X. CHEN., *, G.H. YAN. AND J.L. LI
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY OCT 1988, po. 392-397,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A total of 33 strains of fast-growing soybean rhizobia isolated from soil and soybean nodules collected in China and 25 strains beioning to the genera Rhizobium Radythizobium and Agrobacterium were compared by numerical taxonomic techniques using 240 different characters Ou resultsindicatied that all of the strains of fast-growing soybean rhizobia which we examined are closely related guanine-plus-eytosine content, 59.9 to 63.8 mol% and are separated from Rhizobium and Bradyshizobium at the generic level Based on numerical taxonomy deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base ratio determinations DNA-DNA hybridization data serologica analysis data the composition of extracellultar gum bacteriophage typing data and soluble rpotein patterns we propose that the fast growing soybean rhizobia represent members of a new genuw rather that a species of Rhizobium Rhizobium fredio; we propose Sinorhizobium gen nov as an appropriate generic name The type species of the new genus is Sinorhizobium fredii comb nov (basonym Rhizobium fredii Scholla and Elkan 1984) and the type strain is strain ATCC 35423 (=USDA 205) For the other species we propose the name Sinorhizobium xinjaingenis sp. Nov.; the type strain of this pecies is strain CCBAU 110, which has been deposited in the Beijing Agricultural Univesity Culture Collection Beijing People's Republic of China.
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陈文新, Gui Xiang Peng, , Zhi Yuan Tan, En Tao Wnag, Barbara Reinhold-Hurek, Wen Feng Chen and Wen Xin Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52 457-462,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Eight fast-growing rhizobial isolated from xinjinag soils were identified as Sinorhizobium xinjiangense by analyses of 16S Rrna gene sequences SDS-PAGE of proteins intergenic spacer sequences an DNA-DNA hybridization. Based on all of the results these isolates and the reference strains for S. xinjianggense were a distinct genomic species although the 16S Rrna genes were closely related to that of Sinorhizobium fredii.
Hylogeny,, DNA-DAN relatedness,, Sinorhizobium Xinjiangense,, soybean,, Xinjiang gegion
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【期刊论文】Rhizobium hainanense sp. Nov., Isolated from Tropical Legumes
陈文新, WEN-SIN CHEN, *, ZHI-YUAN TAN, JUN-LIAN GAO, YING LI, AND EN-TAO WANG
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFSYSTEMATIC BACTENOLOGY July 1997. p. 870-873,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A fast-growing rhizobial group isolated from teguminous plants in Hainan Province a tropical region of China is prouposed as a new Rhizobium species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing DNA-DNA hybridization andphenotypic characterization This new species belongs to the phylogenetic branch which includes Rhizobium leguminosarum We propose the name Rhizoblum hainanense sp. Nov. for this species The strain CCBAU 57015 (166) is the type strain; it has been deposited in the cluture collection of Beijing Agricultural University People's Republic of China
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陈文新, WENXIN CHEN*, ENTAO WANG, SUYING WANG, YINGBO LI, XIAOQIONG CHEN AND YING LI
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY Jan 1995 p. 153-159,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
We performed a numerical analysis of 148 phenothpic characteristics of 20 strains of root bodate bacteria isolated from an arid saline desert solt in the Xinjiang region of northwestern People's Repubtic of Chna and compared these organisms with 28 rhisobium and Bradyrhicobium strains obtained from dfferent regions of the People's Republic of China and from other eountries including nine type strains of different spectes All of the strains camined ctustered into two groups at a simitarity lesel of more than 63% Group 1 included all of previously described Rhizobium species and was divided into eight subgroups which corresponded to previously described Rhizobium species at a simitarity level of mare than 82% Group Ⅱ was divided into the following three subgroups at a similarity level ofmore than 80% Bradyhizobium japonicum a cluster containing 17 moderately and slowly growing strains isolated in the Xinjiang region and a small subgroup containing three fast-growing strains The generation times of the moderatedly and slowly growing strains were 5 to 15h, and these organisms produced acid in medium containing mannitol The DNA G+C contents of the members of theis group ranged from 59 to 63 mols DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed that the levels of DNA homology among all of moderately and slowly growing strains obtained from Xinjiang were more than 70% and that the levels of DNA homology between representative strains of this group and the type strains of all previousty deseribed species of root-and stem-nodulating bacteria were low All of our experimental data indicated that the moderately and slowly growing rhizobia isolated from Xinjiang are members of a new species Partial 165 rRNA gene sequencing of the type strain A-1BS(=CCBAU3306), and a comparison of the uresulting sequence with the sequences of previously described species revcaled that strain A-1BS is closely related to Rhizobium loti Rhizobium huakuii and Rhizobium galegce but not to B, japonicum and Azohizobium cantinodans On the basis of our results we propose that the strains which we studied are members of a new species Rhizobium tianshanense The type strain A-1BS(=CCBAU3306), has been deposited in the Cullure Collection of Beijing Agricultural University Beijing People's Repubilc of China.
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【期刊论文】Rhizobium huakuii sp. Nov. Isolated from the Root Nodules of Astragalus sinicus
陈文新, W.X. CHEN*, G.S. LI., Y.L. QI., E.T. WNAG., H.L QI., E.T. WANG, H.L. YUAN, AND J.L. LI
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY Apr 1991 p. 275-280,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Nine bacterial strains isotated from root nodules of Astragalus sinicus were compated with 41 reference strains Including the type strains of the type speciers of the genera Rhigobium Bradyrhigobium and Agrobacterium by performing a aumerical analysis of 200 henotypefeatures Represntativestrains belonging to different clusters were further compared with similar bacteria by using data from gelelectroporesis of whole-cell proteins DNA G+C content data and DNA-DNA hybridization data The rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of A Ssinicus constitute a ditincl homology group that isquite dfferent from previously described Rhizobium Radyrhizobium and Agrobacterium species and from strains isotaled from other Astragalus species we propose the name Rhizobium huakuil sp nov for the strains isolated rom A sinicus Type strain CCBAU 2609(=103) has been deposited in the Culture Collection of Beijing Agricultural University Beijing, Prople's Republic of China.
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陈文新, Ge Hong Wei, , En Tao Wang, Zhi Yuan Tan, Ming E Zhu and Wen Xin Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52, 2231-2239,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Forty-eight rhizobial isolates from root nodules of Indigofera and Kummerowia, two genera of annual or perennial wild legumes growing in the Loess Plateau in north-western China, were characterized by a polyphasic approach, Two main goups cluster 1 and cluster 2, were defined based upon the results of numerical taxonomy SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and DNA relatedness All the isolates within cluster 1 were isolated from Indigofera and they were identified as Rhizobium strins by 165 Rrna gene analysis DNA relatedness of 29.5-48.9% was obtained among the cluster 1 isotates and the reference strains for defined Rhizobium specties Cluster 2 consisted of isolates from Kummerowia stipulacea and was identified as belonging to Sinorhizobium by 165 Rrna gene analyses DNA relatedness varied from 5.2 to 41.7% among the isolates of cluster 2 and reference strains for Sinorhizbium species considering the existence of distinctive features among these two groups and related species within the genera Rhizobium and Sinohizobium we propose two novel species Rhizobium indigoferae sp. Nov for cluster 1, with isolate CCBAU 71714(=AS 1.3046') as the type strain and Sinorhizobium kummerowiae sp. Nov. for cluster 2, with isolate CCBAU 71042' (=AS 1.3045') as the type strain.
Rhisobiton indigoferac,, Sinorchiobium kummerouiae,, diversity,, phyologeny
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