张增民
从事新型高分子材料方面研究
个性化签名
- 姓名:张增民
- 目前身份:
- 担任导师情况:
- 学位:
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
- 职称:-
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学科领域:
材料科学基础学科
- 研究兴趣:从事新型高分子材料方面研究
张增民:清华大学教授 博士生导师 享受政府特殊津贴 简历: 1954~1959清华大学学习 1959年于清华大学毕业并留校在化工系高分子研究所工作,从事教学与科研。 1985年提升为副教授 1989年提升为教授 1993年被评聘为博士生导师 2000年4月退休退休回聘继续担任科学研究工作从事高分子学科研究及获奖情况:自1959年留校任教,在化工系高分子研究所担任教学和科学研究工作至退休。2001年4月办退休手续后,回聘在化工系高分子研究所继续科研工作。主要从事新型高分子材料方面研究工作:高分子结构与性能、高分子合金及共混、高分子成型加工新工艺、高分子材料改性、高分子纳米复合填充材料、特殊性能的新型高分子材料等。在这些方面取得许多成果,并得到国家和部委、北京市的9项奖励,其中有:国家科技发明奖二等奖1项(2002年)国家科技进步奖三等奖1项(1985年)国家教委、北京市、轻工业部等科技进步奖7项除获奖成果外还有10多项科研成果通过省部级技术鉴定,并在主要期刊上发表研究论文60多篇,获发明专利4项。主要社会工作:曾为:北京市政府专家顾问团第5、6、7届顾问现任:中国塑料加工协会改性塑料专业委员会常务理事《中国塑料》等4种专业期刊编委
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成果数
21
张增民, Jun Xu, *, Bao-Hua Guo, , Zeng-Min Zhang, Qiong Wu, Guo-Qiang Chen
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2004, 25, 1549-1553,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Liquid-nitrogen quenching was applied to study the enthalpy effect on the stress-induced crystallization of microbial polyesters. Crystallization bands of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) exhibited the potential to reveal the stress distribution in the melt; while crystallization of poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyhexanoate)] gave shishkebab structures. Polarized-light micrographs confirmed that the enhanced nucleation was attributed to the tensile stress. Furthermore, control of the quenching direction provides a method to direct the lamellar growth. Polarized-light micrographs ofPHBfilm crystallized at 90 8C after quenching in liquid nitrogen from the melt. The normal of the bands, namely the lamellar growth direction, runs predominantly parallel to the stress direction.
bands, crystallization, microbial polyesters, shish-kebab, stress
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张增民, Jun Xu, Bao-Hua Guo, and Zeng-Min Zhang, Jian-Jun Zhou, Yong Jiang, Shouke Yan, and Lin Li*, Qiong Wu and Guo-Qiang Chen, Jerold M. Schultz
Macromolecules 2004, 37, 4118-4123,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Real-time atomic force microscopy observation was carried out during crystallization in thin films of chiral poly(R-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-R-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer, and the development details of single lamellae in the banded spherulites are revealed for the first time. The lamellae exhibit complicated growth behaviors: twisting, bending, backward growth, and branching. The lamellae continuously twist to show alternating edge-on and flat-on views along the radii of the spherulites. Giant screw dislocations bring forth to the birth of new lamellae. Interaction between the leading and trailing lamellae contributes to cooperative stacking of the twisting crystals. The lamellae twist before screw dislocations appear, demonstrating that screw dislocations are not causal of twisting. All the observed twisting occurs in the right-handed sense, likely resulting from the chirality of the crystal structure. Increased crystallization temperature results in decreased magnitude of lamellar twisting and bending. Models for morphological development are discussed in the context of these observations.
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张增民, Yong Jiang, †, Jian-Jun Zhou, † and Lin Li*, Jun Xu, ‡, Bao-Hua Guo, Zeng-Min Zhang, Qiong Wu, § and Guo-Qiang Chen§, Luo-Tao Weng, ||, Zhuo-Lin Cheung, ^ and Chi-Ming Chan*, ^
Langmuir 2003, 19, 7417-7422,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Banded spherulites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-3HV)) random copolymer were prepared by isothermal crystallization at 90℃ for 10h. Using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the concentric periodic ridges and valleys on the surface of the banded spherulites of this polymer were found to consist of edge-on and flat-on lamellae, respectively. The periodic concentric ridges and valleys observed by AFM corresponded to the periodic extinction rings observed by polarized optical microscopy. AFM measurements showed that the interaction between the AFM probe and the sample surface can be significantly influenced by lamellar orientation.
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张增民, Chen Guo-Qianga, *, Xu Junb, Wu Qionga, Zhang Zengmingb, Ho Kwok-Pingc
Reactive & Functional Polymers 48(2001)107-112,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Strain Pseudomonas stutzeri 1317 was able to synthesize a variety of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) when grown in glucose and/or fatty acids. The monomer structures of the PHAs were found to be dependent on the structures of related fatty acids. Up to ten PHA monomers have been found in PHAs, including 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV), 3-hydroxyhexanoate (HHx), 3-hydroxyheptanoate (HHp), 3-hydroxyoctanoate (HO), 3-hydroxynonanoate (HN), 3-hydroxydecanoate (HD), 3-hydroxyundecanoate (HU), 3-hydroxydodecanoate (HDD) and 3-hydroxytetradecanoate (HTD). In the presence of butyric acid, valeric acid to nonanoic acid, HB, HV to HN were all synthesized. Mixed substrates of glucose and fatty acids led to the formation of fatty acid structure related PHA monomers. Monomer percentage contents in PHA could be adjusted by regulating ratios of fatty acids in growth substrates. During cell growth in glucose and octanoic acid, the addition of heptanoic acid stimulated the rapid synthesis of HHp in PHA. It can be concluded that PHA structures can be tailor made by using structure-related fatty acids and varying ratios of fatty acids.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA, Polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB, Pseudomonas stutzeri
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【期刊论文】Terraces on Banded Spherulites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates
张增民, JUN XU, , BAO-HUA GUO, GUO-QIANG CHEN, ZENG-MIN ZHANG
J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2128-2134, 2003,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
On banded spherulites of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) and its copolymers, fine circles were observed between either cross-polarizers or without polarizers. Atomic force microscopy was applied to confirm that these circles are terraces with heights up to several hundred nanometers rather than cracks. Real-time observation demonstrated that the terrace forms at the front of the growing spherulites just before or exactly when two spherulites impinge on each other. Terraces were observed on the spherulites crystallized from melt confined between glass or polyimide slides rather than poly(ethylene terephthalate) slides. The formation of the terraces may have resulted from instability of the moving boundary of the melt film confined between the spherulite surface and cover slide. Wettability of the substrate played an important role in the formation of the terraces.
polyester, spherulite, atomic force microscopy (, AFM), , terraces, wettability
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【期刊论文】In situ FTIR study on melting and crystallization of polyhydroxyalkanoates
张增民, Jun Xua, Bao-Hua Guoa, Rui Yanga, Qiong Wub, Guo-Qiang Chenb, Zeng-Min Zhanga, *
Polymer 43(2002)6893-6899,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Melting and crystallization of two types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer (PHB) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) random copolymer (PHBHHx) were studied via in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance variances of the crystalline and the amorphous bands revealed that melting of PHB occurred at a narrow temperature range, while melting of PHBHHx copolymer occurred at a wide temperature range, and it was shown that the latter had a much wider distribution of lamellar thickness. These results were consistent with those from DSC. The alkyl groups reached close packing prior to crystallization in PHB and followed the crystallization in PHBHHx due to the longer branch propyl group. The band at 1230 cm21 was first assigned to the conformational band of the helical segments, and the absorbance ratio of the band at 1230 cm21 to the reference band at 1453 cm21 was used to quantitatively determine the crystallinity of PHAs after adjustment with DSC. Since further crystallization usually occurs in PHAs during heating and DSC could not reveal the original crystallinity in these samples, we suggest FTIR as an effective and nondestructive tool to evaluate crystallinity of PHAs.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Crystallinity
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【期刊论文】原位复合法复合PA6/巴基管复合材料的试验研究*
张增民, 贾志杰(), 王正元(), 梁吉(), 魏秉庆(), 吴德海(), 张增民()
高分子材料科学与工程,2000,16(2):172-175,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
经过硝酸处理的用CVD法生产的巴基管与PA6(尼龙6)采用原位复合法进行复合时,将以其外壁上联结的羟基2OH和羧基2COOH参与己内酰胺合成PA6的缩水聚合反应,从而结合到PA6的网状大分子结构中,同时也阻止PA6分子长大,并产生较大应力。用浓硝酸处理过的巴基管短小而且分散,在基体中微观下分散度高,可获得真正的纳米复合材料。未处理过的巴基管呈微米级分散,在基体中聚集成团,成为应力源,使复合材料的力学性能,特别是冲击韧性大大降低。巴基管可大大提高PA6的抗老化性能,延长使用寿命。
CVD法, 巴基管, 后处理, 原位复合
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【期刊论文】MODELLING OF OPTICAL MORPHOLOGY OF BANDED SPHERLLITES OF BIOPOL YESTERS
张增民
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
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张增民, 贾志杰, 王正元*, 徐才录, 梁吉, 魏秉庆, 吴德海, 张增民*
清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(4):14-16,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
为改善尼龙6(PA6)的力学性能,加入碳nm管(CNTs与之复合,制作CNTs/PA6复合材料,以提高基体PA6的力学性能,特别是抗拉强度。通过采用原位法复合CNTs与PA6,获得了由C-O-C化学键连接的、理想的CNTs/PA6界面的、且CNTs在基体PA6中分散均匀的CNTs/PA6 复合材料,其抗拉强度有较大幅度的提高,同时还保持较高的冲击韧性和延伸率。经检测,CNTs/PA6复合材料的断裂界面不象其它纤维增强PA6复合材料那样在纤维/PA6界面上,而是在PA6包裹层与PA6基体界面上。研究结果表明,采用原位复合法,CNTs能够对PA6基体起到很好的增强作用。
碳nm管, 尼龙6, 复合材料, 原位复合
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