李少菁
海洋浮游生物学和甲壳动物学
个性化签名
- 姓名:李少菁
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- 担任导师情况:
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
- 职称:-
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学科领域:
水产学
- 研究兴趣:海洋浮游生物学和甲壳动物学
李少菁教授长期从事海洋浮游生物学和甲壳动物学教学与科研工作,先后主持各类基金科研项目25项。20世纪50年代开始浮游桡足类的调查研究,合著出版了《中国海洋浮游桡足类》。同时,开展桡足类实验生态学研究,提出了桡足类食性划分的形态学依据和估算世代数的模式,用滞育卵的出现解释桡足类种群季节演替问题。其多年成果主要反映在1992年和郑重教授合作编著的《海洋桡足类生物学》一书中。《我国海洋浮游桡足类的研究》1995年获国家海洋局科技进步二等奖(第二获奖者)。20世纪90年代以来,他带领研究生深入开展海洋浮游动物生理生态学研究,取得了一系列创新成果。20世纪80年代中后期以来,在继续开展浮游生物学教学科研的同时,李少菁教授主持锯缘青蟹生殖生物学?p幼体实验生态等系列研究。1986年人工育苗初获成功;1993和1994年转入青蟹中尺度生产性育苗,1994年通过福建省科委主持的鉴定;1996年《锯缘青蟹生殖生物学和人工育苗技术研究》获福建省科技进步二等奖(第一获奖者);1999年承担福建省“科技兴海”项目中“青蟹多季育苗及中间培育技术的试验与推广”任务,为解决苗种生产,发展青蟹养殖生产作出了一定贡献;1998-2002年李少菁教授主持福建省重中之重项目的锯缘青蟹生长生殖及其调控机制研究,提出了锯缘青蟹生殖调控模式,并在青蟹受精生物学及其营养代谢等取得一系列成果。李少菁教授始终坚持教学第一线,积极承担教学任务,开设过从博士生至专科生4个层次的11门课程,已先后培养博士后3名,博士20名,硕士11名。李少菁教授在国内外刊物上发表学术论文230多篇,出版教科书、专著6部。获奖多项,其中《海洋浮游生物学》于1988年获国家教委高校优秀教材特等奖(第二获奖者),《海洋科学导论》于2002年获国家教育部委高校优秀教材一等奖(第三获奖者)。鉴于李少菁教授在教学科研中取得的突出成绩,1985年被评为福建省教育先进工作者,1986年被评为国家教委全国教育系统劳动模范,授人民教师奖章;1992年获国务院政府特殊津贴;1997年荣获福建省“师德之星”称号、集友科技成就奖、中国海洋湖沼学会优秀科技工作者称号;2001年获福建省农业科技先进个人和农业科学家称号。
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862
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成果数
10
李少菁, Xiaodong Jiang *, Guizhong Wang, Shaojing Li
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 312(2004)89-100,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of copepod Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay, China, were determined in the laboratory by the presence of nauplii hatched from the sediments. Sediment cores to a depth of 30cm, sliced at 1.0cm intervals, showed that most viable resting eggs of A. pacifica occurred near the sediment surface (0-5cm), and the number of viable eggs sharply decreased with depth of the sediment, although resting eggs remained viable as deep as 23cm. 210Pb analyses of the sediments indicated that the maximum age of viable eggs of A. pacifica was 20.5 years and the mean egg age was 4.3 years. The egg mortality of A. pacifica in the sediment was 0.1408 year-1, or 85.92% annual egg survival, calculated by regressing ln (egg density) on the age of the sediment. The horizontal distribution of viable resting eggs ranged from 2.27×103 to 3.85×105m-2, with a mean value of 9.49×104m-2. Regressions between viable eggs of A. pacifica and all fine-fraction particle size classes (at 2μm intervals) were not significant. The accumulation of viable resting eggs that can persist for an extended period of time provided evidence for the existence of an egg bank of A. pacifica in the seabed of Xiamen Bay.
Age, Distribution, Abundance, Resting eggs, Acartia pacifica, Xiamen Bay
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【期刊论文】The experimental studies on the carbon and nitrogen budgets of Pseudeuphausia sinica*
李少菁, Guo Donghui *, , Li Shaojing †, Chen Feng, Wang Guizhong, Chen Gang
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, Vol. 22, No.2, pp. 265~272. 2003.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The carbon and nitrogen budgets were estimated on the adult females, juveniles and post furcilia larvae of Pseudeuphausia sinica fed on newly hatching nauplii of Artemia salina in the laboratory. It was found that the ingestion rate was linearly related to the food concentration, suggesting high feeding potential. The linear correlation could be established between the respirating rate (carbon consumption rate) and carbon ingestion rate, as well as carbon assimilation rate. The regression coefficients (i.e. specific dynamic action coefficients) were in the range from 9% to 16% (ingested C) or 10% to 17% (assimilated C) respectively, with lower in the post-furcilia larvae. There also existed a linear correlation equation between estimated total nitrogen excretion rate and the rates of nitrogen ingestion and assimilation separately, except for the juveniles. The defecation rates increased with the increase of the ingestion rate; as a result, assimilation efficiency was not related to the ingestion rate, ranging from 0.84 to 0.95. The results inducated that the nitrogen content in food particles was a key factor limiting the growth of P. sinica. The critical ingestion rate was 10p.gN
Pseudeuphausia sinica,, carbon and nitrogen budgets,, Xiamen harbour
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李少菁, 郭东晖, 陈峰, 林元烧, 陈钢
台湾海峡,2003,22(4):415~421,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
本文在分析厦门港中华哲水蚤元素组成基础上,研究其各项生理速率并估算碳氮收支。结果表明:摄食率与饵料含量呈线性相关,未发现饱和摄食。同化效率介于92%~96%之间。与饵料含量及摄食率无关,呼吸率与摄食率及同化率均呈线性相关,其SDA系数介于摄入碳量的9.3%(m/m)或同化碳量的9.9%(m/m)。总氮排泄率随摄食率与同化率的提高而呈线性增加,随着摄食率的提高,分配给卵生产的能量也增多,二者呈线性相关。饵料中N含量是厦门港中华哲水蚤生长的主要限制因子,当其对N的摄食率低于10.5×10-3(m/m)/d时,动物“负”生长。
海洋生物, 碳氮收支, 实验研究, 中华哲水蚤, 生理速率, 福建
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【期刊论文】Chemical induction of settlement and metamorphosis in two Babylonia (Gastropoda) larvae
李少菁, Ke Caihuan, Li Shaojing, Li Fuxue, Zheng Zhong, Liu Weibin
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, Vol. 19, No.1, pp. 59~67, 2000.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
By exposure to 12×10-3mol/dm3K+ for 24h, more than 90% of planktonic larvae of Babylonia formosae and B. areolata were effectively induced to metamorphose completely. 15×10-3mol/dm3K+exerted toxic effect on larval B. areolata over a 24-h period, but produced better results of induction by 12h exposure. Metamorphosed juveniles induced by increased by K+could move and feed normally. Percent metamorphosis increased with average shell height for K+-induced larvae. L-DOPA, epinephrine and norepinephrine ranging from 5.5×10-6 to 5.5×10-5mol/dm3 had no inductive activity to metamorphosis in larval B. areolata, whereas the rate of metamorphosis induced by dopamine at a concentration of 10-4mol/dm3 was approximately half less than that by 12×10-3mol/dm3K+. TEA (a K+-channel blocker) did not inhibit metamorphosis in the two Babylonia larvae by induction of K+. Based on the results of K+-induced experiments, it is preliminarily suggested that shell height of larvae achieving metamorphic competence was in the range of 860.2~1009.8μm for B. fbrmosae, and 849.6~956.0μm for B. areolata. In addition, planktonic larvae of the two Babylonia had delayed metamorphosis.
Chemical induction,, metamorphosis,, Babylonia formosae,, B., areolata,, larva
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【期刊论文】Phytoneuston in the southern Taiwan Strait*
李少菁, Huang Jiaqi, Li Shaojing, Yu Yao
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, Vol. 19, No.4, pp. 137-146, 2000.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
In June and November 1988 samples were collected by the improved Manta neuston net at 18 stations in the soutbem Taiwan Strait. One hundred and two species and variations of phytoneuston are identified. Total individuals of phytoneuston in June are more than those in November. The horizontal distribution of phytoneuston is that the dense area occurs in the southern Taiwan Bank in June, while it appears in the western Taiwan Bank in November. The diel variations of phytoneuston are very obvions. The maximum abundance of phytoneuston occurs in the afternoon (16:00), and the minimum at midnight which is opposite to zconeuston. The relationships between phytoneuston and environment, and between phytoneuston and zooneuston are also discussed.
Phytoneuston,, Taiwan Strait
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【期刊论文】台湾海峡两种优势浮游桡足类——亚强真哲水蚤和中化哲水蚤的摄食研究
李少菁, 陈钢, 黄加祺
中国海洋学文集,1997,7:196~204,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
1994年夏季(8月)和1995年冬季(2月)在台湾海峡北部用肠荧光技术对两种优势浮游桡足类,亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的摄食强度、摄食习性做了定性和定量的追踪研究。主要结果如下:(1)亚强真哲水蚤和中华哲水蚤的肠色素(GPC)水平分别为0.131~7.634和0.067~1.932μg/ind。表现出种间个体大小,食性的差别和显著的季节差异。(2)连续站24小时追踪调查表明:两种桡足类的GPC周日变华呈相似的昼夜双峰型,夜间和午间摄食显著加强;这种变化与潮汐周期有较好的吻合。(3)亚强真哲水蚤和中年哲水蚤的肠排空过程用色素衰减法测行:亚强真哲水蚤:GPC=0.497exp(-0.020t);中华哲水蚤:GPC=7.214exp(-0.033t)。求午此两种类的肠排空速率分别为0.020/min和0.33/min。(4)亚强真哲水蚤和中华哲水蚤的日食量分别为0.6和5.4μg/ind,比重日食量为0.7%和5%碳体重:两个桡足类种群对浮游植物的摄食压力分别是0.1%~0.6%和1.5%~3.1%现存量,对应0.2%~0.6%和26.8%~53.7%初级产量。文章对典型亚热带海区浮游桡足类摄食的几个生态牲和台湾海峡中型浮游动物摄食作用微弱的现象作了分析和讨论。
浮游动物, 肠色素, 肠排空率, 摄食节律, 摄食压力, 台湾海峡
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李少菁, 李少莆, 陈峰, 王桂忠
厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1994,33:129~134,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
中华假磷虾体干重与体长呈正指数相关:DW=3.09(BL)2.46,但室内养成的成体比海捕的相同体长的体重更大。BL=2.06+5.66AL。蜕皮间期与温呈现性负相关:IP=14.52+0.51T。自P2开始培养的假磷虾可蜕皮27~34次,海捕的抱卵雌虾,卵孵化后仍可蜕皮,即同时存在生殖生长与体质生长。瞬时生长率随了育而快速下降。蜕皮重占蜕皮前动物重的3.26%。这在生物能学估算中具有重要意义。
中华假磷虾,, 生长率,, 蜕皮间期
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李少菁, 陈峰, 李少莆
海洋学报,1991,13(5):721~727,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
在近岩河口区浮游生物群落生态的物质转换与能量流动过程中,同属多种并存的桡足类起着重李的作用,它们占据着异质的时空,并导致了摄食生态灶的差异[1]。新近研究不表明,在北温带沿(近)岩水域,浮游桡足类可以生产滞育卵,以适应其生活周期中不利的环境条件。Marcus [2] 还证实滞育卵的生产主要受温度和日光照期的变化所诱导,而其休眠维持与终了则受温度的影响。不过,较低纬度区的浮游桡足类足否也能生产滞育卵,报道尚不多[3]。李少菁等[4,5]已对厦门港九龙江河口海区歪水蚤的卵型及孵化率作了初步研究。本文报道这一海区的歪水蚤数量的季节变化,滞充卵的生产与孵化及其对温度的反应。
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李少菁, 林汝榕**
海洋与湖沼,1991,22(3):242~248,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
在室内进行了铜、镉对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus Brodsky)氨基酸含量影响实验。结果表明,当外加重金属浓度较低时(Cu, 2-10μg/L; Cd, 10-150μg/L),动物各种氨基酸含量明显提高,总氨基酸含量比对照组约增加10-31%;重金属浓度提高时,动物氨基酸含量则出现下降趋势,说明较低浓度重金属对动物有刺激效应,此摄食活动加强,增加了从摄食获得的营养成分;浓度提高则产生抑制效应。因此,氨基酸含量的变化,可作桡足类对外界重金属污染物作出生理反应的指标之一。文中对某些特殊氨基酸含量的变及机制也进行了讨论。
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