介绍国内外土地复垦的基本情况和新进展，提出国内外重点研究的领域和我国土地复垦研究的薄弱环节，展望土地复垦发展趋势。

This paper is conducted to determine the damage characteristics of farmlands due to coal mining subsidence in Eastern China and explore the reclamation treatments. Subsidence damage on farmland due to coal mining can be classified into two types: landscape damage and soil damage. The water accumulation, prone (downward slope) land and fissures are typical damage characteristics of the subsidence landscape in Eastern China. Based on the dynamic tests of soil properties in subsided land, we discover the distinct changing rule of soil properties affected by mining subsidence and think that the change of soil properties is the main reason of the degression of farmland productivity. Soil physical properties are sensitive to mining subsidence, but soil chemical properties are not sensitive exception of soil electrical conductivity. The impact of coal mining subsidence on soil properties of farmland usually happens after subsidence proceeding. Soil salinisation is the most important changes effected by mining subsidence. The soil analysis of subsidence lands also indicates soil erosion problem due to subsidence, most severe in the middle of the prone land. To overcome the subsidence damage, some reclamation treatments such as "Digging deep to fill shallow”, drainage and filling are also introduced in this paper.

This paper discusses damage characteristics of farmland due to coal mining subsidence in eastern China. The landscape of the mining subsidence trough has been divided into three zones: central zone, trough margin zone and inner-edge zone. Each zone had a specific characteristic of deformation. The water accumulation, prone (downward sloping) land and fissures are typical damage characteristics of the subsidence landscape in eastern China. Based on soil analysis at different positions of the subsidence trough, the impact of mining subsidence on soil properties was identified. The physical properties of soil sensitive to mining subsidence were bulk density, water content and hydraulic conductivity, and they showed worsening from the top to the centre of the subsidence trough. Except for soil electrical conductivity, the tested soil chemical properties were not so sensitive to mining subsidence. They may however change after subsidence. An accumulation of salt was found in both new and old subsidence areas and the old subsidence area had a higher salt content. The soil biomass C in newly subsided land showed a decreasing trend from the top to the centre of the subsidence trough, but no obvious trend was observed in the old subsidence areas. Based on the soil analysis of subsided land, soil erosion was identified as a serious problem, most severe in the middle of the prone land.

Soil reconstruction is the kernel of land reclamation. Many countries have enacted some laws and regulation to force the mine operators to restore a good soil condition for high productivity of reclaimed land. This paper summarised the concept, philosophy and contents of soil reconstruction and developed a general principle of soil reconstruction for coal mine land reclamation based on these laws and regulation and some good reconstruction practice. Soil reconstruction is the process or activity of reconstructing a suitable soil profile and landscape (landform) for end-use of disturbed land. The aim of soil reconstruction is for renewal of productive capacity of the land and environmental and aesthetic values. The econstruction of optimum root medium is its focus, and keeping a similar order of original soil profile is needed. Soil reconstruction has a nature of civil engineering and mainly includes two types of tasks: reconstruction of soil profile and reconstruction of landform. A basic principle of soil reconstruction was presented, which called “ strip overburden by layers and replace the individual layers in serial positions (a special order)”. The principle of soil reconstruction for two layers’ overburden was developed first as the simplest example by the description of equations and charts. Then a general principle of soil reconstruction was presented by equations and charts. By using this principle, a reconstruction method for surface coal mining and eclamation by Cross-Pit System (CPS), which is widely used in the many countries, was summarised, and a new reconstruction method for reclaiming subsidence land by Hydraulic Dredge Pump (HDP) was developed.

研究目的：对照中国土地复垦工作与国外的差别和中国加入WTO的要求，提出中国土地复垦概念与内涵扩展的必要性和具体建议。研究方法：文献资料法和归纳分析法。研究结果：中国对土地复垦的界定和真正重视始于20% 世纪80年代，复垦一词来源于国外，由于国内外复垦的重点有所不同，加之国外资料的缺乏和深入理解分析不够，对土地复垦概念与内涵的理解产生了很大差异，有的甚至希望更名或认为已经发展到生态重建阶段。研究结论：中国土地复垦目标与内涵应按照国际通行的概念与内涵进行扩展并与国际接轨。