Skeletal ages were assessed for 4.902 pairs of hand-wrist and knee radiographs of children aged 2-17 years. The FELS method was used to methods have the same conceptual and statistieal basis. The mean absolute differences, within age and sex-specific groups, ranged from 0.34 to 0.87 years. The SD of the differences ranged from 0.31 to 0.68 years and, like the means, tended to increase with age until about 8-11 years. The means and SD were generally larger for the boys than for the girls, except after 14 years. Within age and sex-specific groups, the maximum absolute differences were from 1.45 to 2.99 years. These maximum differences changed irregularly with age but tended to increase until 11 years in the boys and 9 years in the girls. These large absolute differences between the skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee cannot be explained completely by the effects of observer errors. The means of the relative (signed) differences between the skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee were all close to zero, but there was a wide range within age and sex-specific groups. These skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee are not interchangeable. The 95th percentiles of the absolute differences show that, in at leas 5% of children, the choice of the area for skeletal age assessment will markedly influence the evaluation of individuals. They also demonstrate that descriptions of populations based on distributions of skeletal ages from one part of the skeleton may be misleading.

The association between relative skeletal age and fat patterning was analyzed by using data from the Fels Longitudinal Study for boys at chronological ages 8 to 17 years. Fat patterning, as indicated by age-specific means for three skinfold thickness indices adjusted for weight/stature2, was peripheral between 8 to 12 years of chronological age but began to increase in a centripetal direction towards a generalized distribution after 13 years. From 14 to 17 years of chronological age, boys with advanced relative skeletal ages had more centripetal fat patterns, as indicated by the ratio subscapular/(subscapular+triceps) skinfolds, than did those with retarded skeletal ages. The mean annual increment in this ratio was significantly greaterfrom 13 to 14 years of chronological age in boys with advanced relative skeletal ages than in those with retarded relative skeletal ages. Fat pattern index scores at 17 years of chronological age, however, could not be predicted from relative skeletal ages at 7, 11, or 14 years after adjustment for baseline fat pattern index scores and weight/stature2. It was concluded that fat patterning, as quantified by the ratio indices used in this study, was associated only weakly with relative skeletal age in boys. Fat patterning may be associated more strongly with other indicators of relative maturity such as secondary sex characteristics in adolescent boys.

Sibling correlations are reported for Fels skeletal ages from 2,622 mixed longitudinal hand-wrist radiographs of 285 boys and 276 girls. Because the observed correlations were irregular across age, they were smoothed by using kernel regression. The brother-sister correlations were generally lower than those for the other types of sibling pairs, but they were similar to the brother-brother correlations after 11 years. The sister-sister correlations after 12 years. The present data do not provide clear evidence of involvement of the X chromosome in the timing of skeletal maturation, but after 12 years the present data suggest such an involvement.

目的：探讨海绵窦的解剖学概念及其相关显微解剖，为临床应用提供解剖学基础。方法：用10%甲醛固定的成人头颅湿标本22例。分别在动脉系统与静脉系统中灌注红、蓝乳胶铸型。在手术显微镜下观察海绵窦及其相邻结构。结果：海绵窦蓝染乳胶形成粗细不等。反复分支的网状结构，与颈内动脉成毗邻关系并可分离。结论：本研究所见支持海绵窦是静脉丛的概念。

本文的目的在于研究人类密质骨的年龄变化规律，为法医学、人类学利用骨骼推断年龄提供新方法，本研究收集了86例中国北方汉族男性右侧第六肋骨的中1/3段，制作脱钙骨切片，在计算机图像分析仪上测量9项组织形态参数，并进行多元逐步回归分析，结果得到一个推断年龄的多元回归方程：Y＝33.545+0.93KX1+249.144X4+0.676X1-769.784X1-0.004X1，复相关系数和标准训分别是0.954和1.14。经30例已知年龄的标本检验，预测年龄的误差在±5岁以内的可达77%，误差在±8岁以内的可达100%。