Preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) was conducted using a nano-agglomerate bed of quartz with 44mm inner diameter and 1000mm height in the temperature range 500-6501C. Ethylene and propylene were used as carbon source materials, and four kinds of catalysts containing oxides of Fe, Cu, and Ni, prepared by co-precipitation method, were used. Effect of catalyst composition on morphology of CNTs was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It shows that better quality CNTs can be achieved with Fecatalysts, and carbon nano-fibers were produced at high carbon yield with Ni-catalysts.

A new catalyst loading method, in which catalyst particles are packed in a reactor with a novel internal, has been studied by measuring pressure drop, RTD, liquid holdup and mass transfer. It can be inferred from experimental results that the internal changes the conventional gas and liquid counter-current 3ow into a new cross-current 3ow, so the problems of excessive pressure drop and "3ooding" are avoided. When pressure drop, liquid holdup, RTD and mass transfer coe6cient are similar, the catalyst loading fraction of the new method is much higher than that of conventional methods. Furthermore, the reactive distillation reactor with the novel internal has advantages such as simple structure, low operating cost, and convenience for installation and removal of the catalyst.

For the alkylation of benzene with long-chain olefins, H -zeolite catalyst not only has the advantages of high selectivity to 2-phenyl isomers with no corrosive or environmental problems, but it also can be regenerated repeatedly. The characterization of the coke shows that the deactivation of catalysts is caused by a jam of bulkier molecules, such as naphthalene, indane and linear alkylbenzenes, which are too big to move quickly in the intracrystalline pores of the catalysts. These bulkier molecules deposit in intracrystalline pores and then in larger pores. The aromatic compounds in raw olefins must be removed because they can deactivate the catalyst quickly; the moisture in the reactants should be 20-30ppm. The deactivated catalyst can be regenerated by benzenewashing at higher temperature. Newspecies, such as alkylbenzene with short chains, naphthalene, indane, biphenyl, condensed ring compounds and unsaturated compounds, are formed by cracking and cyclization in the regeneration process.

An integrated hydrodynamic mathematical model is established from experimental results and a more rigorous definition is proposed for the uniformity of the axial gas distribution in a radial flow moving-bed reactor (RFMBR). A new iteration strategy is provided for the solution of the model. Simulations show the influence of the flow structure, the reactor dimension, the design of the axial gas distributor and the operation conditions on the axial uniformity of the gas distribution. This work provides a theoretical basis and useful method for the optimum design and operation of RFMBRs.

Several models for the daughter bubble/droplet size distribution are reviewed and a detailed discussion is given to get a better understanding of the daughter size distribution. A novel theoretical breakup kernel function for bubbles/droplets in a turbulent (ow, based on an eddy-bubble/droplet collision method, is developed. It takes into account the energy distribution of turbulent eddies, e5ect of capillary pressure and surface energy increase during bubble/droplet breakup. An increase in the mother bubble/droplet size and energy dissipation rate increases the probability of unequal breakup. The model prediction is in good agreement with experimental results and the underlying physical situation.