从路口视频图像中实时地构建道路背景图像是基于背景减法的车流量检测的前提。由于路口车流信息复杂，图像受外界环境因素影响大，现有的背景估计算法都有不足之处。该文提出了一种改进的频度背景估计算法，通过离散样本图像，实时地构建背景。该方法不仅算法简单、实时性高，而且增强了在背景估计时对光线变化的适应性，提高了背景建模的准确度，可适用于基于视频的路口信号灯的智能控制系统。

Tissue microarray (TMA) technology allows rapid visualization of molecular targets in thousands of tissue specimens at a time and provides valuable information on expression of proteins within tissues at a cellular and sub-cellular level. TMA technology overcomes the bottleneck of traditional tissue analysis and allows it to catch up with the rapid advances in lead discovery. Studies using TMA on immunohistochemistry (IHC) can produce a large amount of images for interpretation within a very short time. Manual interpretation does not allow accurate quantitative analysis of staining to be undertaken. Automatic image capture and analysis has been shown to be superior to manual interpretation. The aims of this work is to develop a truly high-throughput and fully automated image capture and analysis system. We develop a robust colour segmentation algorithm using hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) colour space to provide quantification of signal intensity and partitioning of staining on high-throughput TMA. Initial segmentation results and quantification data have been achieved on 16,000 TMA colour images over 23 different tissue types.

This paper presents inexpensive methods for selfsimilarity based editing of real-world 3D surface textures. Unlike self-similarity based 2D texture editing approaches which only make changes to pixel color or intensity values, these techniques also allow surface geometry, reflectance and other representations of the captured 3D surface textures to be edited and relit using illumination directions that differ from those of the original. A single editing operation at a given location affects all similar areas and produces changes on all images of the sample rendered under different conditions. We perform painting, cloning and warping operations over two sets of 3D surface texture representations: (1) surface height and albedo maps, and (2) eigen base images. The surface height and albedo maps are commonly used for bump mapping, and eigen base images can be used for representing 3D surface textures with complex reflectance. The result representations can be efficiently used in modern computer graphics packages for real-time applications as rendering process only requires simple graphics calculations such as weighted sums of base images.

This paper proposes a method to estimate the parameters of an illumination model and then uses these parameters for the synthesis of specular surface textures. We used the relationship between surface gradient maps in the frequency domain as a constraint for the separation of diffuse and specular components. During the estimation, we always keep errors between the real images and reconstructed images as small as possible. The estimated parameters form sample surface representation maps, which are then used as inputs for the synthesis of large representation maps. The synthesized representation maps are finally relit using the illumination model to produce new images under arbitrary illumination directions.

We present and compare five approaches for synthesizing and relighting real 3D surface textures. We adapted Efros's texture quilting method and combined it with five different relighting representations, comprising: a set of three photometric images; surface gradient and albedo maps; polynomial texture maps; and two eigen based representations using 3 and 6 base images. We used twelve real textures to perform quantitative tests on the relighting methods. We develop a systematic qualitative test for the assessment of the complete synthesis systems. Our conclusion is that the cheaper gradient and threebase-image eigen methods should be used in preference to the other methods, especially where the surfaces are Lambertian or near Lambertian.