综述了Cu-Cr合金触头材料的研究现状及最近进展，主要包括：Cu-Cr合金二元相图的特点以及常规制备工艺上的困难；Cu-Cr合金的主要制备工艺包括传统的粉末烧结法、熔渗法、电孤熔炼法，以及新近发展起来的快速凝固法、激光表面合金化法、机械合金化法和自蔓延熔铸法等。详细论述了不同的强化方式对Cu-Cr合金性能、残余气体、铬含量、第三组元以及热处理工艺的影响。简要讨论了Cu-Cr合金的发展动向。

The preparation of LiNi0.8CO0.2O2 was discussed by the multiply sintering method for solid reaction, in which the sintered material was smashed, ground and pelletted between two successive sintering steps. The optimum technological condition was obtained through orthogonal experiments by L9(34) and DTA analysis. The result indicates that the factors of effecting the electrochemical properties of synthesized LiNi0.8CO0.2O2 are molar ratio of Li/Ni/Co, oxygen pressure, homothermal time, the final sintering temperature in turn according to its importance. The oxygen pressure is reviewed independently and the technological condition is further optimized. With the same method, rare earth element Ce was studied as substitute element of Co and the cathode material of LiNi0.95Ce0.05O2 with excellent electrochemical properties was prepared. The electrochemical testing results of LiNi0.8CO0.2O2 and LiNi0.95Ce0.05O2 experimental batteries show that discharge capacities of them reach 165 and 148 mAh

ly during the preparation of CuCr alloys by thermit-reduction electromagnetic stirring. The results indicate that the reasonable reactant mass ratio of CuO: Cr2O3: Al is 100:140:160; CaF2 can reduce the solidification point of slags to improve the metal separating efficiency from slags; the crystal particles become thinner because of the high cooling velocity in the metal mold; while casting in the graphite mold, the casting properties of CuCr improve with the increase of pre-heating temperature; the compact alloys are prepared at 500℃; electromagnetic stirring can prevent the growth of dendrite crystal into refine crystal particles, as well as homogenize Cu and Cr to improve the CuCr properties; the optimal stirring time is 7 min; when the alloying elements Ni and Co are added to the reactants, elements Cu and Cr can distribute evenly but the crystal particles become thick.

以CuO、Cr2O3、Al粉为原料采用铝热-电磁搅拌工艺制备出CuCr合金。分析了电磁搅拌对CuCr合金微观结构的影响机理。考察了电磁搅拌方式、搅拌时间、模具预热温度对合金试样结构的影响。试验结果表明：电磁搅拌可以有效的抑制枝状晶的生长，细化晶粒，均匀合金中的CuCr分布，提高合金的性能。最佳搅拌时间为7 min左右，搅拌时间过短不利于晶粒的细化，过长容易造成分偏析。模具预热温度在500～600 ℃时最佳，预热温度过高，晶粒比较粗大，而且分布不均匀。

以CaO、B2O3、Mg粉为原料燃烧合成制备了CaB6粉末。考察了不同反应体系的差热曲线，采用XRD、SEM以及粒度分析技术对燃烧产物、浸出产物进行了表征。结果表明：Mg-B2O3-CaO反应体系872℃附近放热峰的表观活化能E=15.71kJ·mol-1，反应级数n=1.1，反应的表观活化能很小，说明合成CaB6的反应容易发生。燃烧产物由MgO、CaB6以及少量的Mg3B2O6和Ca3B2O6等组成，在空气中进行燃烧合成反应并不生成氮化物；燃烧产物经硫酸浸出处理后CaB6纯度达92.5％；随着制样压力的增大，CaB6粒度逐渐变小。