In the plain mining area with a high ground-water table in eastern China, with the rapid development of coal industry. Especially when the fully-mechanized top-coal caving mining is adopted, the great surface deformation is resulted. Meanwhile, a great amount of groundwater is being extracted, which causes the leveling control network lose its functions quickly. In order to maintain the safe production, it is a fundamental measure for providing reliable datum to construct a scientific deformation monitoring system. In this paper, the theory and method of high precision deformation monitoring system with GPS geodetic technique in about 1000km2 mining area are studied. And it focuses on the scheme of deformation monitoring system with GPS in dynamic deforming area, the index system of data quality control, and data analysis model. Finally a case about deformation monitoring is introduced and some discussions are included.

地下采矿对地表形态、生态环境、地面景观带来严重的负面效应。因此，“绿色开采”建设中必须重视土地复垦、景观重建、生态恢复工程等具体应用领域中测绘技术保障措施。研究在动态变形矿区建立稳定的测绘基准以及在此基础上进行变形监测与数据处理技术，必将为这些具体工作顺利开展提供基础性测绘保障。文中讨论了在动态变形矿区，高程基准建设中的两个重点问题：参考点的稳定性判别；似大地水准面模型的建立方法。矿区变形系统通常属于非线性的动力学系统，变形数据特征描述需要综合运用空间统计学、分形理论、混沌学等非线性科学理论及其模型，并将量化特征引入变形预测预报模型，达到提高预报精度的目的。回归分析、神经网络、灰色理论基础上的变形数据序列预测预报的效果能够满足工程的需要，值得进一步推广应用。矿区井筒复杂的变形监测和描述比较困难，采用GPS单历元监测方法并运用小波分析理论进行数据处理能获得比较好的效果，文章以低信噪比且含一定量粗差的模拟形变数据序列为例，分析了小波降噪及粗差识别的效果，初步体现了小波分析理论在变形数据处理中的作用潜力。并论述了卫星雷达、近景摄影测量技术以及“3S”辅助下矿区地表沉陷、塌陷监测及信息处理技术在"绿色开采"建设中的测绘技术保障体系。