This paper chooses a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for different areas to identify the difference in solving the industrial pollution problem by comparing their levels of efficiency. Generally, the industrial pollution problem calls for within-area treatments, although these affect areas beyond their limits. Following this fact, a Maximal Efficiency Sum (MES) DEA Model is used to estimate the anti-industrial pollution efficiency of different cities in Anhui province of China.

Quadratic knapsack problem (QKP) has a central role in integer and combinatorial optimization, while efficient algorithms to general QKPs are currently very limited. We present an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) approach for solving convex QKPs where variables may take any integer value and all coefficients are real numbers. We approximate the function value using (a) continuous quadratic programming relaxation (CQPR), and (b) the integral parts of the solutions to CQPR.We propose a new heuristic which adaptively fixes the variables according to the solution of CQPR.We report computational results for QKPs with up to 200 integer variables. Our numerical results illustrate that the new heuristic produces high-quality solutions to large-scale QKPs fast and robustly.

In a multi-product, flexible manufacturing environment, line capacity of printed wiring board (PWB) assembly systems may need to be designed at the beginning of each aggregate planning period because of demand #uctuation over multiple periods. A model of line capacity design problem and production planning at the aggregate level is developed, in which production and subcontracting are assumed to be two options for a firm to meet market demand. The model presented is a large-scale integer programming roblem, it cannot be solved by using standard-or mixed-integer programming codes. Under the ssumption that each machine line is dedicated to produce one product family, the model can be decomposed as a relatively small subproblem, and each subproblem has good properties by which the subproblems can be further simplified and decomposed over multiple planning periods. As the result, the original large-scale two-stage integer programming problem can be approximately solved by solving a series of small-scale mixed-integer programming, which can be implemented on a workstation or a PC. Computational studies show that the solution method is developed which gives near-optimal solutions with much less computational errort.

As a result of the fierceness of business competition, companies, to remain competitive, have to charm their customers by anticipating their needs and being able to rapidly develop exciting new products for them. To overcome this challenge, technology forecasting is considered as a pow-erful tool in today's business environment, while there are as many success stories as there are fail-ures, a good application of this method will give a good result. A methodology of integration of patterns or lines of technology evolution in TRIZ parlance is presented, which is also known as TRIZ technology forecasting, as input to the QFD process to design a new product. For this purpose, TRIZ technology forecasting, one of the TRIZ major tools, is discussed and some benefits compared to the traditional forecasting techniques are highlighted. Then a methodology to integrate TRIZ technology forecasting and QFD process is highlighted.

合作是提高供应链竞争力的途径，也是增强供应链企业抵御经营风险的重要手段。研究了由一个生产商和一个零售商组成的两层供应链，用变异系数（需求的均方差与其均值之比）描述单周期产品市场需求的不确定性。研究发现在一定的市场需求不确定性条件下，生产商与零售商才存在合作博弃均衡;通过市场需求不确定性的变化对合作均衡与合作效果影响的数值分析，及其与非合作情形的对比，结果说明在给定的零售价格水平下，合作具有改善供应链企业应对市场需求不确定性变化和规避经营风险的能力。