以印刷电路板的制造过程为背景，总结了柔性制造/装配系统各种柔性的定义。基于柔性制造系统的柔性既取决于设备本身的性能，也取决于对驱动柔性制造/装配系统自动化运行的指令的认识，提出了柔性与大M制造各个过程的决策问题的关系框架。还提出一种新的部分柔性制造系统生产能力规划与生产线设计的模型，并分析探讨了决策问题的求解方法。

合作是提高供应链竞争力的途径，也是增强供应链企业抵御经营风险的重要手段。研究了由一个生产商和一个零售商组成的两层供应链，用变异系数（需求的均方差与其均值之比）描述单周期产品市场需求的不确定性。研究发现在一定的市场需求不确定性条件下，生产商与零售商才存在合作博弃均衡;通过市场需求不确定性的变化对合作均衡与合作效果影响的数值分析，及其与非合作情形的对比，结果说明在给定的零售价格水平下，合作具有改善供应链企业应对市场需求不确定性变化和规避经营风险的能力。

This paper chooses a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model for different areas to identify the difference in solving the industrial pollution problem by comparing their levels of efficiency. Generally, the industrial pollution problem calls for within-area treatments, although these affect areas beyond their limits. Following this fact, a Maximal Efficiency Sum (MES) DEA Model is used to estimate the anti-industrial pollution efficiency of different cities in Anhui province of China.

A model of scenario-based line capacity expansion problem for PWB (Printed Wiring Board) assembly systems at the aggregate level is developed. The model synthesizes BOM (Bill Of Material) of product families and machine operation flexibility, thus it is an attempt of integrating strategic capacity planning, aggregate production planning and MPS (Master Production Scheduling), which is an important research topic of production management. Since the resulting model is a large-scale two-stage stochastic mixed integer programming problem, it can not be solved with standard code. An approximate solution procedure is developed, which first reduces the searching space of capacity expansion decision variables to rough addition sets by heuristics, then the rough addition sets are searched through adaptive genetic algorithms. Numerical experiments are presented to show the financial benefit of the model and the feasibility of our approach.