我国许多老矿区普遍存在着老采空区不良地基问题，采空区上方地表的建设开发造成了安在对全隐患。本文针对我国较普遍的老窑和小窑部分开采采空区问题，其地表破坏特征、覆岩稳定性分析和评价方法等问题进行了讨论；给出了老采空区残留空洞覆岩逐层垮落破坏和整体性突陷抽冒破坏的计算公式。

废弃采空区破裂岩体变形是导致地表沉陷的主要原因。根据长壁采空区及其覆岩中采动次生结构面和结构体特征，将长壁采空区覆岩结构划分为四种类型。通过岩石碎胀与压实试验和

The movement and destruction of overburden caused by underground mining will change it's engineering geologic characteristics, forming a damaged foundation. There exists a serious hidden danger to construct on such foundation. The ground deformation over the abandoned workings is influenced by two factors: one is the compaction ruptured rock body or structure collapse; another is the disturbance by additional load of newly constructed buildings. Grouting into the fractured rock body in the condition of shallow goaf is the main way to control the ground residual deformation. While in the condition of a certain mining depth the distribution of ground subsidence is continuous and the residual deformation goes gradually. So to raise the building's ability in resisting or acclimatizing ground deformation is the main way of protecting new buildings above the goaf. A case of heavy building constructed over shallow goaf shows that the building's safety can be guaranteed on condition that measures of strengthening partial rupture ground and anti-deformation structure are adopted.

The mining subsidence has serious influence on environment in coal mining areas of East China. This paper proposes a comprehensive treatment of this problem. It is proposed that affected areas are filled with coal waste to restore the village buildings and to reclaim the land. Restoration of groundwater table is also required. By adopting these measures, the reclaimed land can be used again, lots of coal reserves can be freed from the pillars left under villages, and the cost of reclamation can be minimized.