Polyethylene (PE) was chemically modified with grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer on its backbone at first. Then the melt-direct intercalation method was employed to prepare two kinds of nanocomposites, polyethylene (PE)/organic montmorillonite (Org-MMT) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MAH)/Org-MMT nanocomposites. X-ray diffractometery (XRD) was used to investigate the intercalation effect and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the dispersion of Org-MMT interlayers in matrixes. The results show that an intercalated structure would be acquired on mixing the PE and Org-MMT; and an almost exfoliated system would be obtained by mixing the PE-g-MAH and Org-MMT. Moreover, further measurements via thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both of the nanocomposites had a higher thermal decomposition temperature and a higher crystallization temperature when compared to the original matrix. At the same time, the thermal and crystal properties for the PE-g-MAH prepared in this experiment are also discussed.

at lower temperature (<90℃) and decreases to 2 as the temperature increases. The addition of Org-MMT has no obvious effect on the apparent activation energy of the cure reaction. There is no special curing process required for the formation of an epoxy resin/Org-MMT/imidazole intercalated nanocomposite.

采用熔融插层法成功制备了接枝物（PP-g-MAH）/有机蒙脱土（Org-MMT） 纳米复合材料, 用X射线衍射法检测了复合材料的层间距、微晶尺寸和晶胞参数的变化, 并考察了纳米复合材料的力学性能。结果发现, 对于PP-g-MAH/O rg-MMT=100∶20的复合材料, 接枝物大分子链难以插层进入有机蒙脱土片层间。增大PP-g-MAH/Org2MMT比例, 接枝物大分子链能插层进入有机蒙脱土片层, 形成插层型纳米复合材料。PP-g-MAH/Org-MMT=100∶10时, PP-g-MAH/Org-MMT复合材料110、040、041等晶面垂直于反射方向的微晶尺寸出现最小值, 且可获得较好的力学性能, 说明选择适当的接枝物/有机蒙脱土比例可降低聚丙烯的微晶尺寸, 改善力学性能, 但对复合材料晶胞参数的影响较小。

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/organic-montmorillonite composites were prepared by melt intercalation. Their structures and properties were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing. The results showed that PVC chains could be intercalated into the gallery of organically modified montmorillonite to form exfoliated PVC/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites, and the glass transition temperatures of PVC/organic-montmorillonite composites were lower than that of neat PVC. However, the tensile strength, and both the Izod type and Charpy notched impact strengths of PVC/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites were fitted with the linear expressions: τ=535.07-6.39Tg, σI=378.76-4.59Tg and σC=276.29-3.59Tg, respectively

用自制的有机蒙脱土，采用浇模固化成型法制备了环氧树脂/桐油酸酐/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。用DSC跟踪环氧树脂固化行为，用XRD分析有机蒙脱土的层间距变化，确定产物为部分剥离型的纳米复合材料。用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa、Kissinger及Crane方法对树脂进行动态测试分析，发现有机蒙脱土对体系固化有促进作用，使反应更易进行；并求解出活化能和反应级数等动力学参数。