at lower temperature (<90℃) and decreases to 2 as the temperature increases. The addition of Org-MMT has no obvious effect on the apparent activation energy of the cure reaction. There is no special curing process required for the formation of an epoxy resin/Org-MMT/imidazole intercalated nanocomposite.

The melt-direct intercalation method was employed to prepare poly (propylene)(PP)-maleic anhydride grafted poly(propylene) (PP-g-MAH)-organic-montmorillonite (Org-MMT) nanocomposites. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) was used to investigate the intercalation effect, crystallite size, and crystal cell parameter in these composites. Two kinds of maleated PP, with graft efficiencies of 0.6 and 0.9 wt%, and two sorts of manufacturing processes were used to prepare nanocomposites and then to investigate their effects on intercalation behavior. The results showed that the intercalation effect was enhanced by increasing the content of PP-g-MAH, using maleated PP with higher graft efficiency, and adopting the mold process. The crystallite size of nanocomposites perpendicular to the crystalline plane, such as (040), (130), (111), and (041), reached the minimum value when the content of PP-g-MAH was 20wt%. This result indicated that the crystallite size of PP in nanocomposites decreased by proper addition of PP-g-MAH. Maximum values in tensile strength (40.2 MPa) and impact strength (24.3 J/m) were achieved when the content of PP-g-MAH was 10 and 20%, respectively

Polyethylene (PE) was chemically modified with grafting maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer on its backbone at first. Then the melt-direct intercalation method was employed to prepare two kinds of nanocomposites, polyethylene (PE)/organic montmorillonite (Org-MMT) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MAH)/Org-MMT nanocomposites. X-ray diffractometery (XRD) was used to investigate the intercalation effect and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the dispersion of Org-MMT interlayers in matrixes. The results show that an intercalated structure would be acquired on mixing the PE and Org-MMT; and an almost exfoliated system would be obtained by mixing the PE-g-MAH and Org-MMT. Moreover, further measurements via thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that both of the nanocomposites had a higher thermal decomposition temperature and a higher crystallization temperature when compared to the original matrix. At the same time, the thermal and crystal properties for the PE-g-MAH prepared in this experiment are also discussed.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/organic-montmorillonite composites were prepared by melt intercalation. Their structures and properties were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing. The results showed that PVC chains could be intercalated into the gallery of organically modified montmorillonite to form exfoliated PVC/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites, and the glass transition temperatures of PVC/organic-montmorillonite composites were lower than that of neat PVC. However, the tensile strength, and both the Izod type and Charpy notched impact strengths of PVC/organic-montmorillonite nanocomposites were fitted with the linear expressions: τ=535.07-6.39Tg, σI=378.76-4.59Tg and σC=276.29-3.59Tg, respectively

采用熔融插层法成功制备了接枝物（PP-g-MAH）/有机蒙脱土（Org-MMT） 纳米复合材料, 用X射线衍射法检测了复合材料的层间距、微晶尺寸和晶胞参数的变化, 并考察了纳米复合材料的力学性能。结果发现, 对于PP-g-MAH/O rg-MMT=100∶20的复合材料, 接枝物大分子链难以插层进入有机蒙脱土片层间。增大PP-g-MAH/Org2MMT比例, 接枝物大分子链能插层进入有机蒙脱土片层, 形成插层型纳米复合材料。PP-g-MAH/Org-MMT=100∶10时, PP-g-MAH/Org-MMT复合材料110、040、041等晶面垂直于反射方向的微晶尺寸出现最小值, 且可获得较好的力学性能, 说明选择适当的接枝物/有机蒙脱土比例可降低聚丙烯的微晶尺寸, 改善力学性能, 但对复合材料晶胞参数的影响较小。