在调查中国铜陵凤凰山铜矿和新桥硫铁矿两种不同类型矿山固体废弃物特征的基础上，研究了矿山尾矿和废石产生酸性排水的可能性及其差异以及矿山固体废弃物中重金属元素的赋存形式。结果表明，凤凰山铜矿的尾矿基本不产生矿山酸性排水，而新桥硫铁矿采矿废石产生矿山酸性排水，并且凤凰山铜矿的尾矿和新桥硫铁矿采矿废石中重金属元素的赋存形式也有差异，前者重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg主要赋存于硅酸盐态中，而后者在还原态中有较高的含量，这反映了在地表条件下尾矿中大量重金属元素已经发生了迁移，而采矿废石已经开始氧化，且酸性排水的存在更有利于废石中重金属元素的迁移和扩散，进而导致矿区周围环境的污染。

滇西兰坪中新生代盆地西缘发育众多的铜多金属矿床，主要以脉状或透镜状赋存于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的含盐红色碎屑岩建造中，或产于火山岩中。本文在前人工作基础上，对区域3个代表性矿床进行了系统的矿物流体包裹体地球化学研究，结果表明：区域铜矿床矿物流体包裹体类型简单，以气液两相包裹体和液相包裹体为主；均一温度不高，显示成矿为中低温度；流体包裹体成分显示为Na++(K+)+Ca2++Cl-+SO42-型，表明成矿流体主要是以大气降水补给的热卤水；成矿流体气相组成主要为H2O和CO2，还原性烃类气体的存在并与氧化性气体的反相关关系显示其与盆地有机质的密切关系及在成矿过程中的重要性。结合成矿地质背景及矿物氢氧同位素的分析，认为该带中的矿床地幔物质参与成矿是次要的，成因上应为受深断裂控制的、大气降水补给的热卤水型矿床。

滇西北兰坪中新生代盆地西缘铜多金属成矿带受澜沧江断裂带控制，赋矿围岩为二叠系至第三系，主要由下二叠统经上三叠统到上侏罗统砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造、火山岩建造及含盐红色碎屑岩建造，矿体主要以脉状或透镜状产出。对该成矿带上的金满铜矿床和水泄铜（钴）矿床主成矿阶段的石英进行了40Ar-39Ar快中子活化法同位素地质年龄测定，获得坪年龄分别为56.7±1.0Ma和59.2±0.8Ma，且各自与对应的等时年龄在误差范围内完全一致，都可以代表矿石的形成年龄。综合已发表的有关兰坪盆地西缘及盆地内部铜、多金属矿床成岩成矿同位素年代学研究结果，表明两矿床与区域矿床具有一致的成矿时代，反映区域铜、多金属矿床均形成于喜马拉雅造山运动早期统一的地球动力学背景之下。

Abstract: This paper discussed in detail about the REE component and the characteristics of the different kinds of attapulgite clay ores as well as basalts, weathered basalts in four localities of attapulgite clay deposits of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces of China. It is concluded that the half2weathered basalts have not distinct REE fractionation and strong weathered basalts have HREE loss in the process of the basalts weathered to form smectite group minerals. And the lateritic montmorillonite clays that formed from the basalts weathering have a distinct Ce positive anomaly, a little MREE loss and LREE and HREE renew enrichment. That reflects the particular oxidation condition in the Earth's surface and the adsorption of the colloid solution of the lake water in the basin of the continent in the time of the clays formed. The attapulgite clays produced by the reaction between basalts with lake water in the original place of the basin have same REE character-istics as that of the basalts and the weathered basalts. This shows that REE does not transfer heavily in the progressive chemical weathering process. The sedimentary attapulgite clays have also a similar REE component and characteristic parameters to the basalts and the weathered basalts, and have a distinct Eu negative anomaly and a big value of LREE/HREE, which shows that the sedimentary clay came from the weathered basalts, and REE partitioning patterns characters of the clays are controlled by the residual material of the weathered basalts.