The synthesis of thioamides and thiolactams, which are used as important organic intermediates, has attracted great attention. However, expensive reagents, severe reaction conditions and low yields of the target products made conventional methods inconvenient and economically infeasible. To overcome these disadvantages, we investigated a new process for synthesizing thioamides and thiolactams. We examined thermal reactions of CS2 with Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidinone, formylamide, acetamide and N, N-dimethylformylamide, respectively. The results show that under optimum conditions N-methylpyrrolidine-2-thione and the corresponding thioamides can be obtained in good to excellent yields by the above thionation reactions.

Longkou brown coal was oxidized by H2O2 at 40℃ for 10h. Water-phase fraction from the reaction mixture was extracted with chloroform to afford chloroform-soluble, chloroform-insoluble but water soluble (CIWS) and solid subfractions. A series of heteroatom(s)-containing organic compounds were detected with GC/MS from the CIWS subfraction. The heteroatoms included O, N, S, and Cl

Accurate calibration of mineral composition on calorific value (CV) is essential to gangue utilization, cement production, etc. In this paper the influence of typical minerals on the CV of an anthracite is quantitatively studied. The results indicate that the decomposing rate of calcite decreases with the increase of calcite content during the CV test process. The deviation of CV resulting from calcite decomposition can be calculated according to its decomposing rate, which does not change with the origin of calcite. Kaolinite is transformed mainly to an amorphous solid and some to mullite. Its deviation of CV can be deduced by assuming that kaolinite is totally transformed to an amorphous solid. The complete combustion of pyrite contributes to the increase of CV. The influence of quartz and gypsum can be neglected, as the former does not change during the test and the latter has little heat effect. The composite influence of different minerals on CV can be calibrated according to that of separate minerals when total mass fraction of minerals is high. If the mass fraction is relatively low, overall heat effect produced by each mineral is a little lower than the CV actually determined.

Ion-exchanged Naβ zeolite with Fe2+ and Co2+ cations shows high catalytic activity at room temperature in phenol hydroxylation with H2O2, where the conversion of phenol is ca. 21% and the selectivity of benzoquinone is below 3% at a molar ratio of phenol to H2O2 of 3 in the starting aqueous reaction medium.

The Cu2+-exchanged NaY, HY, USHY, Hβ, and HZSM-5 zeolites were prepared and evaluated in phenol hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide using an atmospheric batch reactor. CuNaY, CuHY, and CuHβ catalysts were found to be more active than TS-1 or a simple homogeneous copper nitrate catalyst under similar reaction conditions. Both zeolite type and copper content in the zeolite catalyst were revealed to exert critical impact upon the catalytic activity in phenol hydroxylation. Reaction time, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide also remarkably influenced the reaction results. The addition of a small amount of hydrochloric acid to the reaction systems significantly enhanced the phenol conversion, hydroxylation selectivity, and reaction rate. The used catalysts can be regenerated completely by calcination at 450℃ for 4h in air. On the basis of ESR spectroscopy, the relationship between catalytic activity and copper loading is explained and the hydroxyl radical is suggested as the reaction intermediate.