The current pre-operative assessment of the degree of malignancy in brain glioma is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinicaldata. 280 cases were studied, of which 111 were high-grade malignancies and 169 were low-grade, so that regular and interpretable patterns of the relationships between glioma MRI features and the degree of malignancy could be acquired. However, as uncertainties in the data and missing values existed, a fuzzy rule extraction algorithm based on a fuzzy min-max neural network (FMMNN) was used. The performance of a multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) trained with the error back-propagation algorithm (BP), the decision tree algorithm ID3, nearest neighbour and the original fuzzy min-max neural network were also evaluated. The results showed that two fuzzy decision rules on only six features achieved an accuracy of 84. 6% (89. 9% for low-grade and 76. 6% for high-grade cases). Investigations with the proposed algorithm revealed that age, mass effect, oedema, postcontrast enhancement, blood supply, calcification, haemorrhage and the signal intensity of the Tl-weighted image were important diagnostic factors.

采用数据挖掘技术中3种主要算法：多层感知器网络、决策树以及规则提取从大脑胶质瘤病例中获取胶质瘤恶性程度的术前诊断知识。对于测试样本，它们的平均准确率都超过了80%，达到了医生的一般要求。如果准确率是诊断中首要考虑的因素，那么隐层节点数较小且直接利用数值属性的多层感知器网络具有最好的性能。如果要对获取的诊断知识进行人工整理，那么规则提取是最好的知识获取算法。

放射性脑病是一种由放射治疗所致的脑组织放射性反应综合征。按照放疗后症状出现的时间分为3期：急性期、早期迟发性反应期和晚期迟发性反应期。后者根据累及的范围，又可分为局限性放射性坏死和弥漫性脑白质损伤两种类型。作者总结了放射性脑病的临床、病理和影像学表现，从CT、MRI、MRS、SPECT及PET等方面归纳了放射性脑病的形态学和功能改变的诊断和鉴别诊断要点。

目的：初步探讨氢质子磁共振波谱（1II-MRS）对不同腩肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法：39例颅内肿瘤分别行常规MRl及1H-MRS检查，将肿瘤实质与对侧相应郭位及正常对照组行对照研究。检查方法为PRESS序列。主要观察代谢物为氨-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、含胆碱的化合物（Cho）、肌酸（Cr/PCr）、乳酸（Lace）和脂类（Lipids）。结果：儿乎所有肿瘤波谱均呈现NAA峰降低，Cho升高，Cho/Cr及Chn/NAA比值升高。与正常组织相比有显著性差异（p<0.05）。低度恶性腔质瘤组8倒Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho代谢物比值分别为1.87±0.45、1.13±0.25、0.74±0.21；高瞳恶性胶质瘤组7例的代谢物比值的均值分别为2.75±1.17、1.07±0.3l和0.62±0.28；脑膜瘤组11例，其代谢物比值的均值分别为6.04±2.15、0和O；转移瘤组10例，其代谢物比值的均值分别为2.32±1.08、1.22±0.17和1.23±0.46。胶质瘤组2刨术后与术前比较Cho/Cr比值有明显降低：淋巴瘤1例放疗后较放疗前chu/cr比值降低；听神经鞘癌1例见升高的cho峰；蛛网膜囊肿1例仅见Lac峰。结论：H1-MRS对脑肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断。治疗后随访、手术后疗效的评价均有重要价值。可作为一种非损伤性的辅助诊断手段。

目的：探讨模拟CT胃镜对常见胃部病变的应用价值。材料和方法：对50例已行内镜检查的患者行CT模拟胃镜检查，男33例，女17例，年龄24～70岁之间。全部病例均经手术或胃镜病理证实。将获得的二维图像输送至工作站，使用Insight软件包进行三维重建。结果：早期胃癌和进展期胃癌检出率分别为60%、1000A，检出息肉3例，恶性淋巴瘤、平滑肌瘤和平滑肌肉瘤各1例，排除了3例胃镜诊断的粘膜下隆起病变，仅检出了7例溃疡中的2例。结论：模拟CT胃镜是探查胃部新生物的一种有效的诊断方法