目的 观察、评价白细胞介素12（IL-12）对结核分支杆菌感染小鼠细胞因子的影响和疗效。方法 将BALB/c小鼠42只，制成小鼠结核分支杆菌感染模型，随机分为对照组（PBS）和IL-12共两组（每组21只）。给予PBs或IL-12治疗，检测血清γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、IL-4、IL-10水平（ELISA法）和器官菌落计数，观察治疗后生存率。结果 IL-12组小鼠无一死亡，肺、肝、脾菌落数分别为（227±107）×105cfu/ml，（4±3）×105cfu/ml和（1.5±0.5）×105cfu/ml，INF-γ（1090±406）pg/ml。PBS组8只死亡，肺、肝、脾菌落数分别为（659±405）×105cfu/ml、（23±19）×105cfu/ml和（10.8±3.5）×105cfu/ml，IFN-γ（548±214）pg/ml，两组比较差异有显著性。而血清IL-4水平变化不大，两组比较差异无显著性。结论 IL-12诱导IFN-γ产生，促进Thl细胞反应，改变了Thl/Th2平衡，对结核分支杆菌感染小鼠产生保护效应。

Objective To explore adverse effects of combined treatment of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) against cryptococcosis in a murine model. Methods Infected mice were treated with a combination of IL-12 and IL-18. Their body weight and intake of water and food were observed and recorded. Serum levels of leptin were detected with an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results In the combined treatment group, the intake volume of water and food were reduced, leading to weight loss and undetectable levels of leptin in the serum. These adverse effects were more profound in mice that had received higher doses of cytokines, which sometimes led to a fatal outcome. There was a significant difference compared with the control group. Neutralization of endogenous tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by its specific mAb did not alter the wasting effect of this treatment. Conclusions The combined IL-12/IL-18 treatment may cause a number of adverse effects independent of TNF-α and leptin synthesis. Further investigations for resolving these adverse effects are required before clinical application of these cytokines.

目的：研究TNF-α对小鼠腹腔渗出细胞的激活和杀菌活性的效应。方法：以IL-12、IL-18、IFN-γ、TNF-α及抗体诱导小鼠腹腔渗出细胞和巨噬细胞，应用ELISA法测定细胞因子变化，Griess反应法测定培养上清液中NO的含量，检测巨噬细胞内新型隐球菌菌落数。结果：IL-12和IL-18联合应用协同诱导腹腔渗出细胞产生TNF-α，且能被IFN-γ抗体所抑制。IFN-γ、TNF-α协同诱导巨噬细胞产生N0和增强其杀伤新型隐球菌活性。结论：TNF-α在细胞因子相互调节诱导增强巨噬细胞杀真菌活性中起重要作用。

目的 观察、评价γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）对免疫功能低下小鼠结核分支杆菌感染的影响和疗效。方法 将DBA/2小鼠90只按免疫功能正常和免疫功能低下2种状态分别制成小鼠结核分支杆菌感染模型。随机分组给予IFN-γ或IFN-γ单克隆抗体治疗，检测肺组织菌落计数，观察治疗后生存率。结果 免疫正常组小鼠无死亡，第2周、第4周菌落数分别为（51.5±17.5）×103cfu/mL、（106.3±41.0）×103cfu/mL。免疫低下组8只死亡，菌落数分别为（163.7±61.7）×103cfu/mL、（768.3±206.5）×103cfu/mL，免疫低下+IFN-γ组3只死亡，菌落数分别为（54.2±21.3）×103cfu/mL、（212.7±80.7）×103cfu/mL，免疫低下组与免疫低下+IFN-γ组比较有显著性差异。免疫正常小鼠给予IFN-γ抗体后肺组织菌落数增多，与对照组比较有显著性差异。结论 IFN-γ增强宿主免疫功能，对结核分支杆菌感染小鼠产生保护效应，适用于免疫功能低下宿主合并结核感染的辅助治疗。

目的：评价左氧氟沙星注射液治疗呼吸系统感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机对照及开放试验，以头孢噻肟为对照，完成病例7l例。其中试验组36例，左氧氟沙星0.3g，每日1～2次静滴。对照组35例，头孢噻肟2g，每日2次静滴。疗程均为7～14d。结果：痊愈率、有效率、细菌清除率，左氧氟沙星组分别为80.6%，91.7%，89.7%，头孢噻肟组分别为57.1%，88.6%，75%。两组比较痊愈率有显著差异。不良反应率分别为8.3%和8.6%，两组比较无显著差异。结论：左氧氟沙星注射液是治疗呼吸系统感染的安全有效的药物。