A computer modelling method for the three-dimensionaldynamic analysis of liquid crystal display cells is presented. Themethod is based on a variational approach to the Oseen-Frank freeenergy formulation considering three elastic constants and uses avectorial representation of the director field. A simpler approximateform that uses only two elastic constants but is faster to operate isobtained as a by-product of the full three-constant modelimplementation. The modelling uses finite elements on a mesh oftetrahedral elements for the calculation of directors and electricpotentials while finite differences in time are used in the time steppingprocess. Comparisons are made with results from a 2D dynamicprogram using a tensor model giving good agreement.

By a thorough analysis of the contents and scope of the publiclogistics information, a role-based multilevel solution of information sharing isproposed. And by use of metadata theory, the unified description andclassification of the information are done with an aim to achieve heterogeneousdata sharing and exchanging. Based on this, a service-oriented-architecture(SOA)-based system framework is put forward in order to integrate and reuseexisting systems, data and service resources. By introducing web service andbusiness process execution language (BPEL), etc. into the solution, servicesreuse and businesses automatisation are achieved. In this way, the degree ofinformatisation of supply chains management can be deepened, the interactionsbetween governmental departments and enterprises can be enhanced and theprocess of customs e-governing can be accelerated. Finally, an application ofthe solution to a logistics customs clearance information sharing platform isalso given to show its applicability.

We present a new formulation for the dynamicmodeling of twisted nematic liquid crystal display cells based on aconstant charge assumption instead of the commonly used "fixedvoltage" model. This formulation is based on a tensor representationof the director field, which is solved using a combination offinite-element and finite-difference methods. It allows the accuratemodeling of liquid crystal pixel cells in thin-film-transistor-drivenactive matrix displays, extensively used in flat panel computer andtelevision displays.

In this paper, the effects are examined of the upper and the lower sulface recombinationv elocities, SI,S z, the diffusion length of excess minority carriers, L, and the thickness of the sample, h. on the minority carrier concentration profile (MCCPa) nd on the intensity of cathodoluminescence (CL) from thin foils. A systematic theoretical investigation of these effects is essential lo the understanding of experimental resuits which have recently been obtained by high-resolution CL imaging studies. By solving the reduced one-dimensional steady-stale diffusion equation under the non-trivial and realistic boundary conditions that the recombination velocities SI and Sp on the upper and lower surfaces are allowed lo vary independently of each other, exact and anaiyiical expressions for the MCCP and CL intensity (cu) are oblained for the general case of sulface recombination (sR). A number of special SR cases are discussed. The important question of the thickness dependence of the CL is addressed. Conditions for linear, square or cubic dependence of cu on h are deduced together with expressions for a thickness which we call the cut-off thickness. The capability of using the present analytical resun for MCCP to treat the electronbeam- induced current problem here is pointed out in passing together wlh TEM or STEM charge collection imaging and contrast problems of dislocations or defects. Specific numerical calculations are used to display the theoretical resuits quanlilalively and reveal a variety of properties of the model controlled by different values of the parameters contained within it. The resuits obtained can be used to explain and examine the features of CL in thin-film materials when examined in TEM or STEM modes. in some given cases, experimental determinations of the parameters can be made:

In e-commerce protocols, malicious participantsmisbehave on their benefits. There is some work in analysisthe application-protocols but little similar work about thefoundation-protocols. To fill the gap we use semi-regularentities to denote the entities different from penetrators thatparticipate in the protocol on behalf of themselves such ascustomers in e-commerce. A method in strand space model isalso presented. After descriptions of hash and Diffie-Hellmanexchange, semi-regular strand and semi-regular node areadded into the model, finally is an attack on the Internet KeyExchange (IKE) protocol as a case.