应用生烃动力学与碳同位素动力学方法，结合天然气藏形成的地质背景，研究了塔里木盆地库车拗陷依南-气藏天然气生成与聚集。依南2气藏天然气主要来源于库车拗陷阳霞凹陷中心中下侏罗统含煤岩系烃源岩，基本上属长期累积聚集气，主要聚集时间为0～5Ma，对应风为1.25%～1.95%天然气散失率为25%-30%．该研究，不仅弥补了传统的依据生、储、盖及圈闭的匹配关系来研究天然气藏形成模式的不足，而且对其他气藏的研究具有借鉴意义。

Organic petrology is a marginal science that is quite practicable. At present, it has developed into a routine research tool that is widely applied in petroleum exploration and assess ment. Based on several years’research of the authors, this paper presents the advances in organic petrological studies on immature source rocks, including the classification and characteristics of macerals, the composition of macerals and types of organic matter, the abundance and evolution of organic matter, oil2prone macerals, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. All these results show that organic petrology is of considerable value pertaining to its application in the assessment of immature oil and gas. The immature source rocks consist of various macerals with obvious heterogeneity, contain different hydrocarbon-generating macerals with different oil thresholds and oil peaks, and show a two-staged evolutionary pattern of organic matter.

By using the methods of hydrocarbon generation kinetics and carbon isotope kinetics, combined with geological background of natural gas pool formation, the generation and accumulation of natural gas from Yinan 2 gas pool was studied in Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin. Natural gas of Yinan 2 gas pool is mainly' derived from Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-bearing source rocks, and generally belongs to long time-accumulated gas. It is suggested that Yinan 2 gas is chiefly accumulated in the last 5Ma, its Ro ranges from 1.25% to 1.95%, and the loss rate of natural gas is about 25%-30%. This work not only complements and reduces the deficiency of formation model of natural gas pools which traditionally depends on the matching relation-ships between source rock, reservoir, cap rock, and trap, but also is a useful reference in the study of other gas pools.

In a thermal simulation experiment of closed-system gold tube-high pressure vessels under a given pressure (50M Pa) and calculation with the specific Kinetics and GOR2Isotope Kinetics softw are's, kinetic parameters of gas generation and methane carbon isotope from Triassic-Jurassic source rock sin the Kuqa dep ression of the Tarim Basin are obtained. The ranges of activation energies of methane paralyzed from Jurassic coal, Jurassic mudstone and Triassic mudstone in the Kuqa Dep ression are 197～268kJömol, 180～260kJ/mol, and 214～289kJ/mol, respectively. The frequency ratios are 5.265×1013/s, 9. 761×1011/s, and 2. 270×1014/s. Th is suggests that there are different activation energies and frequency ratios for methanes generated from Jurassic coal, coal-associated mudstone and T riassic mudstone in the Kuqa Dep ression, and reflect their differences of hydrocarbon generation behaviors. The kinetic parameters of methane carbon isotope are also different in Jurassic coal, Jurassic mudstone and Triassic mudstone. Their average activation energies were 228kJ/mol, 205kJ/mol, and 231kJ/mol, respectively. On the basis of the above research, combined with the geological background, the origin of natural gas in the Yinan-gas pool was further discussed using these kinetic parameters, and its gas accumulation model is thus established. The natural gas of the Yinan 2 gas poolwas primarily derived from Jurassic coal2bearing source rock s at the center of the Yangxia Sag and generally belong to the staged accumulative gas. The Yinan 2 gasw asmainly gathered at 5～0Ma with a Ro range of 1.25%～1. 95% and lost about 25%～ 30%.

Isotachophoresis results indicate that the total concentrations of organic acids in Ordovician formation waters range from 9.17mg/L to 94.49mgPL and are obviously higher than those of Permo-Carboniferous formation waters. But both of them have the same compositional characteristics, i.e., acetic acid > > formic acid > propanoic acid > butanoic acid. The total alkyl phenol contents of Ordovician formation waters range from 0.57mg/L to 4.73mg/L, averaging 1.77mg/L. Among the samples for phenol detection, 47.06% samples contain less than 1.0mg/L, 35.29% samples 1.0-3.0mg/L, and only 17.65% samples more than 3.0mg/L alkyl phenol. The concentrations of organic acids and alkyl phenols in the Majiagou formation waters are of obviously heterogeneous distribution. There are several areas where the concentrations of organic acids and phenols are high in central Ordos Basin. These organic acid and phenol-high areas (organic acids >45mg/L and phenols > 2.0mg/L) are consistent with natural gas reservoir enriched areas in central Ordos Basin.