Two moderately halophilic strains, SL014B-69T and SL014B-62A2, were isolated from a saline soil contaminated with crude oil in Gudao in the coastal Shengli oilfield in China; the isolates were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and carried lateral flagella. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations of 1-20%(w/v), at temperatures of 10-42 6Cand at pH 8.0-9.0. Strain SL014B-69T hadC18: 1v7c (28.61%), C19: 1 cyclo v7c (27.97%), C16: 0 (19.66%) and C12: 0 3-OH (8.87%) as the predominant fatty acids and Q9 as the major ubiquinone, with the G+C content of genomic DNA being 64.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to genus of Halomonas in the Gammaproteobacteria, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.4% with Halomonas campisalis ATCC 700597T and 96.0%with Halomonas desiderata FB2T. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain SL014B-69T with strain SL014B-62A2, H. campisalis ATCC 700597T and H. desiderata DSM 9502T was 97.4, 42.9 and 36.8%, respectively. On the basis of these data, a novel species of the genus Halomonas, Halomonas gudaonensis sp. nov., is proposed for strain SL014B-69T and SL014B-62A2. The type strain is SL014B-69T (=LMG 23610T=CGMCC 1.6133T).

采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析（T2RFLP）技术和16S rDNA克隆文库的方法, 分析了黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤不同深度细菌和古菌的群落结构。研究表明, 随着深度的增加, 细菌群落的多样性下降, 而古菌群落多样性则有上升的趋势, 且土壤的细菌和古菌群落结构都呈现出规律的层状分布。该土壤包括各种硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷古菌、光合细菌等丰富的细菌和古菌资源。

A thermophilic, methylotrophic methanogen, strain ZC-1T, was isolated from the Shengli oilfield, China. Cells of strain ZC-1T were motile cocci, 0.7-1.0 mm in diameter and always occurred in clusters of two to four cells. Lysis-susceptibility experiments and analysis of transmission electron micrographs of strain ZC-1T suggested the presence of a proteinaceous cell wall. Strain ZC-1T used methanol, methylamine and trimethylamine as substrates for methanogenesis. Optimal growth, with a doubling time of around 5 h, occurred at pH 6.0-6.5, 65 6C, 0.3-0.5 M NaCl and 0.05-0.20 M MgCl2. The DNA G+C content of this organism was 56 mol%. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and the inferred amino acid sequence of the mcrA gene of strain ZC-1T indicated that it is related specifically to members of the family Methanosaetaceae (90.6 and 76.6% sequence similarity, respectively). However, strain ZC-1T failed to grow with acetate as substrate for methanogenesis, which is a special characteristic of the family Methanosaetaceae. Based on these phenotypic and phylogenic characteristics, strain ZC-1T is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Methermicoccus shengliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZC-1T (5CGMCC 1.5056T5DSM 18856T). Methermicoccaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.

利用荧光原位杂交（Fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH） 技术，采用荧光标记的rRNA 探针及其组合对胜利油田胜利采油厂回注水中硫酸盐还原原核生物（Sulfate reducing prokaryotes, SRPs, 包括硫酸盐还原细菌和硫酸盐还原古菌）进行检测，分析了该回注水中SRPs 群落结构。结果表明：SRPs在胜利油田回注水中具有极高的种群多样性，广泛分布于4个细菌门和1个古菌门；总数可达2.86×104个/mL，占回注水中总微生物细胞的20%左右；其中优势菌属为脱硫弧菌属（Desulf ovibrio）和脱硫肠状菌属（Desulf otomaculum）, 分别占回注水微生物总细胞数的8.71%（±4.45%），和12.15% （±3.90%）Desulfobacterales 和Syntrophobacterales这2个目中的SRPs, Thermodesulf obacteriales 以及Thermodesulf ovibro属的SRPs分别占样品微生物总量的7159%（±2.92%），3.57%（±1.39%）和2.32%（±0.80%）。除此之外，也检测到了占微生物总量4.29%（±1.75%）的A rchaeoglobus 属的SRPs, 证明了古菌类SRPs是回注水中一个不容忽视的硫酸盐还原微生物种群。FISH法能够快速、准确地检测回注水中SRPs数量，解析SRPs群落结构。

应用末端标记限制性片段长度多态性（Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, T2RFLP）和克隆文库分析，以微生物群落16S rRNA基因（16S rDNA）为目标，对大庆油田过渡带油井采出液 （于2005年7月和10月取样）中的微生物群落结构进行了解析和比较。T2RFLP分析表明，2005年7月和10月油井采出液中古菌群落结构较为单一，随时间变化不大；而细菌群落结构较为复杂，不同时间群落中的优势菌有明显的差别。古菌和细菌16S rDNA片段测序和系统发育分析表明，大庆油田过渡带油井采出液古菌群落中的优势菌均为产甲烷菌；细菌群落中的优势菌则与β、γ、δ、ε变形杆菌（Proteobacteria） 、拟杆菌（Bacte-roidetes）和脱铁杆菌（Deferribacteres）有较高的相似性, 细菌群落中检出了大量的未培养微生物（Deep-branching lineages）。