纳米技术是一门研究纳米材料的特性及其应用的新学科,已经迅速发展成为21世纪三大支柱科学领域之一。纳米技术具备促进包括食品行业在内的传统工业快速发展的巨大潜力。综述了纳米技术在食品应用领域中的若干研究热点;着重介绍了其在食品包装材料与营养物运送体系方面的应用,前者包括不可降解性、可生物降解性与可食性纳米复合材料等食品包装材料,后者包括纳米乳剂、脂质体与聚合物纳米粒等营养物运送体系;最后提出了该新领域亟待研究的重要问题和今后的发展方向。

The purpose of the present research work was to study the formation of linoleic acid (LA) modified carboxymethyl chitosan (LCC). Another objectivewas to evaluate effect of linoleic acid degree of substitution on loading capacity (LC), ADR loading efficiency (LE) and in vitro release profile of LCC nanoparticles. The hydrogel nanoparticles can be prepared using linoleic acid modified carboxymethyl chitosan (LACMCS) after the sonication. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of the self-aggregate of LA modified CMCS (LCC) was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene as a fluorescent probe. The CAC values were in the range of 0.061-0.081mg/mL. Self-aggregated nanoparticles exhibited an increased LC and LE, decreased sustained release with an increasing ratio of the hydrophobic LA to hydrophilic CMCS. LCC nanoparticles loaded with ADR exerted in vitro anticancer activity against Hela cells that was comparable to the activity of free (non-entrapped in nanoparticles) ADR.

长效制剂由于其可以减少给药次数同时保证药效等一系列优点在兽药领域发展较快。综述了国内外兽药领域开发研制的多种缓控释制剂，包括缓释装置、新型的缓释剂型等。并对其制备、性能药物释放行为做了详尽的说明，并对兽药缓控释制剂未来的发展做了进一步的展望。

疏水化修饰的水溶性聚合物，尤其是多糖，可以通过分子间和分子内的疏水部分之间得交联形成核一壳结构的自聚集纳米粒。纳米粒的制备方法分为超声法与乳化法两种。这类纳米粒是水凝胶基质含有大量水分，在液相中具有静态和动态的稳定性。相对于表面活性剂形成的胶束，多糖自聚集纳米粒在形成过程中具有很低的临界聚集浓度，其疏水微区由多条聚合物链构成并可形成多核结构。综述了以疏水化多糖为基质纳米粒的制备及应用研究状况。疏水化多糖纳米粒能够广泛的结合疏水性药物，有效的将药物靶向运输到病变组织，并保持较长时间的持续释放，提高了疏水药物的生物利用度；它可以通过疏水作用结合蛋白质，提高其抵御变性的能力并提高其热稳性，还可以像“分子伴侣”一样可以预防蛋白质不可逆的变性聚集：同时它也可以通过离子相互作用与DNA结合，保护其不被机体内的各种酶降解，并能以有活性的形式将其释放出来，提高DNA的转染效率。这些结果显示出这类纳米粒在制药及生物技术领域良好的应用前景。

Linoleic-acid (LA) is covalently conjugated to carboxymethyl-chitosan via a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyyl)-carbodiimide-mediated (EDC-mediated) reaction to generate self-aggregated chitosan nanoparticles by sonication. The average diameter of the particles is 417.8 nm, with a size range from 222.8nm to 1028nm. Adriamycin (ADR) can be physically entrapped into the self-aggregates. The drug loading experiments indicate that the loading capacity and efficiency increase with increasing concentration of ADR. ADR is slowly released from chitosan self-aggregates for about 3 days. Furthermore, the effects of drug controlled release become more obvious on increasing the pH value.