应用解剖学和组织学方法现测双峰驼肾脏的形态与结构。探讨其构造特征与排泄高浓缩尿之问的关系。结果显示，驼肾体积庞大（平均左肾19cm×14cm×9cm，右肾18cm×14cm×8cm），左右两肾约占体重的0.6%；髓质与度质的厚度比为4：1。髓袢极长；皮质中长袢型髓旁肾单位和中间肾单位比短袢型浅表肾单位多；皮质迷路内近曲小管远比远曲小管长；髓质外髓的直小血管发达。形成宽阔的直行血管束，与髓质泌尿小管束相间排列；内髓比外髓厚；肾盂背腹两侧的粘膜形成辐射状突起伸向肾锥体之间。并在内、外髓交界处形成穹窿状结构；外髓有明显的玻级肾锥体出现。上述结构特征表明，驼肾具有强大的重吸收功能，有利干高浓缩尿液的产生。

电镜下观察了18峰双峰驼（Camelus bactrianus）肾脏细胞的超微结构，探究驼肾重吸收机能的形态学证据。结果显示，驼肾近曲小管的刷状缘高而密集，上皮细胞胞质顶端具有丰富的管泡结构，侧基底指状突起和基底质膜内褶多而明显，板状嵴线粒体发达。远曲小管和远直小管游离面微绒毛短而稀少，胞质线粒体排列密集，质膜内褶更为发达。集合小管上皮包括多量的亮细胞和少量的暗细胞两种类型，亮细胞结构简单，线粒体稀少，暗细胞线粒体密集，由皮质至髓质，暗细胞数量呈递减趋势，但内髓仍见暗细胞分布。皮质间质极少，毛细血管丰富，管壁内皮菲薄有孔。髓质直小血管亦为有孔内皮。上述结构特征表明，双峰驼具有很强的重吸收能力，与其节水耐干渴特性相适应。

将CB-HRP分别注入母鸡输卵管蛋白分泌部的前半段和后半段，以研究其神经分布的差异。结果表明，支配前半段与后半段的神经元分布位置和数目均有一定差异。后半段接受来自胸2至腰荐13（T2～LS13）脊神经节的感觉神经，T1～LS13交感干神经节、内脏神经节和肾上腺神经节的交感神经，盆神经节的副交感神经以及肠神经节的神经。前半段的感觉和交感神经的来源与后半段的基本相同，但前半段的副交感神经主要来自迷走神经。分布于后半段的感觉、交感和肠神经的神经元数目显著多于前半段。

应用光镜和透射电镜技术，对中华鳖肠道黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布和结构进行了详细观察，并结合形态结构特点，对爬行动物黏膜免疫的特征进行了讨论。鳖肠道黏膜上皮细胞（尤其大肠段）排列较疏松，细胞间隙明显，上皮间隙内普遍分布着上皮内淋巴细胞（IEL）和浆细胞。IEL在上皮不同部位的分布比例为核下区：核区：核上区=4：3：3。核上区IEL 以小淋巴细胞为主，而核区和核下区的IEI 体积略大。淋巴细胞胞质内含有数个粗大的膜包颗粒。上皮内未见微皱褶细胞，IEL位于上皮细胞之间，并在上皮细胞之间伸出伪足。肠腔内有完整的游离淋巴细胞。肠道黏膜上皮间隙内的浆细胞一般位于核下区或核区，胞质内充满着扩张状态的粗面内质网。肠道固有膜散布着许多淋巴细胞（LPL）、浆细胞、巨噬细胞和一些白血细胞，以小肠段的分布最丰富。在有些肠绒毛内，LPL分布密集，几乎占据整个绒毛中心，但并未出现淋巴小结。固有膜浆细胞有两种形态：一种浆细胞的粗面内质网呈短的扩张状态，其数量占多数；另一种浆细胞的粗面内质网为板层状排列的扁囊状，数量较少。结果表明，参与中华鳖肠道黏膜免疫反应的细胞数量多，但黏膜上皮内缺乏微皱褶细胞（M细胞），固有膜中也不形成淋巴小结。提示爬行动物的黏膜免疫机理与哺乳动物和鸟类不尽相同。

Ultrastrncture of spermatozoon in soft-shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis was examined by transmission electron microscope. The mature spermatozoon is vermiform in shape, which consists of a head, connecting piece, middle piece, principal piece and end piece, similar in morphology to that of the turtles, Chrysemys picta and Chimemys reevesii. How-ever, several structures are uniqne. In the head, acrosomal complex covers the antelior protrusion of the nnchius, where there is a narrow lucent space between the subacrosonlal cone and the outer acrosomal cap. 3-5 intrannclear tubules go through the antelior tow-thirds of the nnchius and their central cores extend towards the perforatorial rods. The conect-ing piece is located in the concave implantation fossa in the caudal end of the nnchius. The mitochonchial sheath in the middle piece is composed of concentric mitochonchia arranged in 7-8 drdes each of which contains 5 mitochonchia. Con-centric layers in the mitochonchion are double-membranes and they are cristae mitochonchiales actually. The concentric cristae mitochondriales and lots of glycogens show the relationship to the vitality maintaining during long-time storage of the spermatozoon in the tinfie. The sturctural modal of proximal centriole is 9×3+0, in which the typical nine tliplet microtubules arrange in a pinwheel fashion and are surrounded by a dense material. By comparison, the structural modal of distal centliole is 9×3+2, and the central microtnbldes and outer triplet microtnbules are embed in dense fibers respec-tively. The distal centliohi stands vertically to the proximal one. There is a wedge-shaped anmdus around the end of the mitochonhriall sheath. The axonemal complex of the principal piece is surrounded by several layers of circumferential fibers, which obviously produces a fibrous sheath reducing backward gradually in thickness. In the axonemal complex that posses a structural modol of 9×2+2, there are two thick fibers corresponding to No.3 and No.8 doublet microtubules re-pectively, which merge with the fibrous sheath. On the transection of principal piece, two dynein arms attached to A mi-crotnbble of the doublet which connected with the central microtnbules ttn-ongh an obvious radial spoke. Two central mi-crotnbbles are hnked by a bridging substance. The end piece tufty contains an axonemal complex surroundod by cell mem-brane, the microtubules in which are dispersed gradually. The structural characteristics above were different evidently from other class animals or other ordor animals of the reptile