水稻灌浆期的温度和光照条件是影响稻米品质的重要环境因素。本文从稻米碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮骨味品质和营养品质四个方面，综述了温光因子对稻米品质影响的最新研究进展，并以此为依据对优质稻米的生产提出了一些建议。

以迟熟中粳稻武香粳9号为材料，研究了不同水分管理方式和施氮量对水稻氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明，随施氮量增加，水稻吸氮量增多，稻草中氮滞留增加，营养器官氮转运率降低，氮素利用率和产谷效率下降；水分胁迫过强，则水稻吸氮量减少，氮素产谷效率下降；水分胁迫适度，则水稻氮素吸收保持不变，且可更多地调动和利用营养器官中的储存氮，提高氮素利用率和产谷效率；水与氮存在明显互作作用，水分胁迫增强，则减弱了氮肥促进水稻吸氮的作用，增强了氮肥降低水稻氮素利用率的效应。结合产量表现，提出采用适度的水分胁迫，提高水稻氮素利用率，减少稻田氮损失。

以越光和武香粳9号为材料研究了不同穗肥施用时期施氮对水稻氨素利用及产量的影响。结果表明：倒1.5叶，倒2.5和0.5叶，倒3.5、2.5和1.5叶施肥提高了花后高效叶片叶绿素含量和含氨率。穗肥施用提高了水稻的产量，倒3.5、2.5和1.5叶，倒3.5和1.5叶，倒2.5叶施肥对增加两品种产量，提高穗肥利用率和生产力作用显著。施用穗肥增产的机制两品种表现不一致：越光主要表现在结实率的提高，武香粳9号主要表现为每穗总粒数的增加。生育期较短的越光穗肥利用率略低于生育期较长的武香粳9号。

对刚割茬的香根草，进行不同赤霉素喷施浓度、不同施肥量和不同留茬高度3个单因素的试验研究。结果表明：赤霉素抑制香根草新茎蘖萌发，但促进其高度增长，浓度与株高增长正相关；3.2g/穴尿素的施肥量能显著促进株高和新茎蘖的增长；10cm留茬高度有利于株高增加，40cm的留茬高度有利于新茎蘖的萌发。

Proteins and carbohydrates in developing rice panicles were analyzed to see whether these parameters control spikelet number in rice. Two rice cultivars and 2 levels of nitrogen topdressing were used to obtain panicles with different numbers of spikelets. A japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare, with topdressing (H) had 1.8 times more spikelets per panicle than that without topdressing (L). Moreover, the number of spikelets per panicle in an indica rice cultivar, Takanari, without topdressing was 2.7 times larger than that in Nipponbare-L. Panicles with more spikelets (LP) in Nipponbare-H and Takanari-L showed slower growth than those with few spikelets (SP) in Nippanbare-L in an early stage. LP, however, increased markedly in size thereafter, eventually exceeding SP, in length and fresh weight. Soluble protein content was higher in LP than SP in an early stage, but this difference was hardly detected in a late stage. No clear difference was observed in sugars or starch between LP and SP. Analysis of soluble and insoluble proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that bands corresponding to insoluble proteins with a molecular weight about 42 kDa were present at higher intensities in LP than in SP. These results suggest that the spikelet number in rice is controlled by the soluble protein content in an early stage and insoluble proteins with a molecular weight of 42 kDa during panicle development, but not by the carbohydrates in developing panicles.