Zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization, field-cooled (FC) magnetization and coercive fields of Sr1-x Cax RuO3, with x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, have been measured over the magnetic ordering temperature, in a sequence of applied fields. An empirical model has been proposed to analyze ZFC behaviors. The calculated ZFC magnetization is in agreement with the measured one. Different ZFC behaviors have been explained by means of the empirical model.

Itinerant ferromagnetic SrRuO3 with a Curie temperature TC 160.7 K was prepared by a conventional solid reaction method. Its zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization and field-cooled (FC) magnetization were measured over a temperature interval from 5–180 K, in a sequence of applied fields up to coercivity. The major hysteresis loops were measured over a range of temperatures, which span the ordered phase. An empirical model was proposed to analyze the ZFC behaviors by means of coercivities at different temperatures. The calculated ZFC magnetization is consistent with the measured ZFC magnetization. Different ZFC magnetization behaviors were explained by using this model. The results indicate that the various ZFC behaviors originate from the comparison between the temperature dependence of FC magnetization and that of coercivity.

Polycrystalline samples of La0.67-x Ca0.33 MnO3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.10) with different La site vacancies have been prepared by the sol–gel method. The grain sizes of the samples are observed by SEM. XRD results show that the samples are single phase of perovskite-type oxides. The Curie temperatures and the magnetic entropy changes of the samples are measured on a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The influence of the vacancy concentration in the La site on their magnetocaloric properties has been investigated. A large magnetic entropy change (～2.78 J/kg K) is obtained in the sample La0.67-x Ca0.33 MnO3 (x = 0.02) at its Curie temperature (277 K) in an applied magnetic field of 1 T. Results of magnetic measurement show that these materials with La site vacancies can be used as candidates for magnetic refrigerants near room temperature.

Ultrafine iron particles are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using the law of approach to saturation (LATS), effective magnetic anisotropy is obtained at different temperatures. KE increases with the decrease of temperature, and decreases with the thickening of the surface oxide layer. The temperature dependence of coercivity has been investigated.

Zno.96Mn0.04O powder and thin films were prepared by standard solid-state reaction processes and radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Magnetic measurements indicate that the powder is paramagnetic for temperatures above 3K, while the thin films annealed in vacuum are ferromagnetic at room temperature with a transition temperature of about 400K. The largest saturated magnetization (Ms) was found to be about 1.05