The detonation velocity inside the detonator is determined with optical fiber in this paper. It is found that the fluctuation occurs on detonation velocity curve inside the detonator, which is different from the classical description. This discover is valuable for the further study of the detonation development details during the process from ignition to detonation, and is also significant for further improving the structure of the detonator practically. Besides, by comparison of the test results with theoretical values, it proves that applying optical fibers is possible to measure the parameters of detonation.

The manganin piezoresistors was used to measure the detonation pressure at different cross sections inside the detonator. Some modifications were made to the traditional detonation pressure measurement device, and the results are significant for further studying the detonation development process as well as for the parameter design and performance analysis of the detonator. It is shown that there are necessity and possibility to further optimize the structure of detonator.

随着人们对安全认识和需求的不断提高，安全裕度的概念越来越多地出现在工程设计和人们的日常生活中。本文综述了安全裕度概念在不同工程技术领域应用情况，重点讨论了在压力容器设计、机械加工、电力系统运行、航空飞行管理、军备等复杂系统研究中安全裕度的含义、安全裕度设计方法以及应用安全裕度进行安全评定的方法。 通过对安全裕度应用情况分析，说明安全裕度已经成为现代科学技术领域和日常生活中不可缺少的重要概念，正日益受到科技工作者和管理人员的高度重视。文中还分析了目前安全裕度研究和应用方面存在的问题，提出了应尽快开展安全裕度理论的系统研究，使这一重要概念从目前主要以定性讨论为主上升到定量计算，建立安全裕度学科，并且使安全裕度理论成为安全科学重要组成部分的观点。

Based on mass conservation, momentum conservation and energy conservation, physical and correspondent mathematical models were set up to simulate the process of typical explosion of the flat-bottomed and concave-bottomed detonators. Moreover, the simulation results of such two types detonators were compared with each other. The results are valuable for the further study of the detonation process.

本文提出了平衡裕度的新概念，并给出了保守力场中物体或系统静力平衡裕度的定义。以此为基础，分析计算了圆柱、圆台和圆锥体的静平衡裕度，并讨论了各几何参数的变化对平衡裕度的影响。本文的价值在于首次提出了对静力平衡系统平衡状态差别的定量评价问题，并给出了利用平衡裕度对系统平衡状况进行定量分析的方法。文中提出的研究思路是一种新的系统安全评价方法，对其它系统的研究也有借鉴意义。同时，本文的研究结果对工程安全设计也有所启发。