对白色棉、棕色棉和绿色棉纤维进行了电镜观察，结果表明：三种颜色纤维的结构由外到内依次为初生壁、次生壁和中腔.在白色纤维的超微结构中未发现染色较深的物质；在绿色棉纤维中，纤维的次生壁内层存在大量染色深的条纹，这些条纹可能是色素沉积的结果，类似沉积的日轮；在棕色棉纤维的中腔内，存在大量染色深的物质，而且这些物质主要沉积在中腔壁上，这些染色较深的物质可能是棕色棉纤维的色素物质，同时发现棕色棉纤维具有分叉结构。与白色纤维比较，彩色纤维表现出的品质较差，可能与纤维素含量低及色素物质的沉积有关。

棕色和绿色纤维中的色素可用HNO3/乙醇提取，提取液中的色素含量可在412nm波长下根据吸收值的大小进行估计。在开花后15d前后，棕色和绿色纤维中的色素已经形成和积累，并在开花后20d色素含量达到最高值. 棕色纤维颜色发生明显加深的时期是开花后30～35d，棕色纤维的颜色较稳定，在阳光下甚至有加深的趋势。绿色棉纤维在开花后20d时纤维出现绿色，之后随着纤维的发育颜色逐渐加深，但在阳光下易退色。在棕色和绿色纤维中纤维素含量明显低于白色纤维，可能是由色素物质的积累所引起。在开花后15～30d期间，白色纤维细胞的pH值呈快速下降趋势，但棕色和绿色纤维细胞的pH值下降速度比白色纤维细胞明显要慢，在这一时期pH值下降速度的快慢可能与纤维的伸长、次生壁的加厚和色素的形成有关。与白色纤维比较，棕色和绿色纤维品质较差，如：长度偏短，强度偏低，其可能原因本文进行了探讨。

植物非光合色素主要由类黄酮和类胡萝卜素组成，但彩色棉纤维中色素种类及其结构尚不清楚。经测定，棕色棉（X008）、绿色棉（S029）和白色棉（徐州142）成熟纤维中总黄酮含量分别为4.424mg/g、3.846mg/g和0.375mg/g，没有检测到类胡萝卜素。通过盐酸-镁粉反应、四氢硼钠还原反应、碱反应、醋酸铅反应、氯化铁反应和紫外光谱吸收的分析表明，甲醇室温提取的棕色棉纤维色素可能是黄酮类化合物，B环上带有邻二酚羟基；甲醇室温提取的绿色棉纤维色素除黄酮类化合物外，还含有3-位羟基被糖甙化的黄酮醇类化合物，A、B环上都带有邻二酚羟基。绿色棉纤维色素中还可能含有分子结构类似于芦丁的黄酮醇化合物。

以棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系及杂种F1的花瓣、花药、柱头、蜜腺、苞叶和叶片为材料，测定和比较了各材料的总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量，观察和分析了三系杂交棉制种田中蜜蜂造访的数量与制种产量性状的相关性。试验结果表明：不育系的花瓣、苞叶、蜜腺可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量比可育的恢复系、保持系和F1的含量高，并达到显著或极显著水平，而果糖含量差异不明显。其中，不育系花器蔗糖含量是影响蜜蜂造访制种田蜂群量和不育系结铃率的关键因素；选育花器含糖量高的不育系，有利于提高制种田中的蜜蜂数量，增加不育系的结铃率，以及降低其不孕子率，提高制种产量。

Lintless mutant is a super-short fiber mutant in upland cotton only 4-8mm in fiber length and also named Ligon cotton controlled by one dominant gene Li1. Fiber ultrastructure of the mutant (Li1) and its wild type (li1) in situ and in vitro was observed under an electron microscope to understand its cytological characteristics during the fiber cell elongation. The results showed that the mutant fiber in situ had thinner cytoplasm, more small vacuoles, less mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticula, and there were more starch granules which were free or packed in the amyloplast beside the cell wall than that of wild type. It was indicated that scarcity of functional organelles and disability of transformation from starch to sugar might be associated with the fact that the mutant fiber cell was aborted too early to elongate into normal length. Mutant ovule in some media containing GA3 could produce a kind of huge callus that grew faster than normal ovules. The callus was covered with many white, loose, and semitransparent fiber-like cells that apt to get off from ovule. These fiber-like cells were multicellular fibers generated by cell division and had black dots just like pigment glands in the stem and leaf of cotton. There were lots of micro-tubes beside cytoplasm membrane of the multicellular fiber, which were thought to be primary preparation for second wall deposition of multicellular fiber. It was indicated that GA3 might induce the expression of gene(s) that kept inactive in the field condition and then stimulate the original fiber cell in vitro to undergo division again.