In this paper, the history of physical chemistry of metallurgy in China has been reviewed and its recent development has been summarized. Several interesting topics, which have been made a great progress recently, have been discussed. Finally, we give a prediction concerning the future development in physical chemistry of metallurgy in China.

文章总结了作者1975年以来研制和使用钢液固体电解质浓差定氧电池的经验。通过对比试验，指出了提高其测成率和信号稳定性的一些关键。对测定结果的可靠性亦用多种方法进行过鉴定。用浓差定氧对电炉冶炼工艺进行研究得知：出钢终脱氧前熔池中的氧活度与钢材的氧化物夹杂评级密切有关，降低终脱氧前的钢中氧活度对提高钢材的洁净度有利。当采用铝预脱氧工艺时，电炉还原期可以大大缩短。用浓差电池定氧还研究了氧气底吹转炉冶炼过程中熔池含氧量的变化规律。判明了在吹炼终点使用锰铁预脱氧无明显效果。而鼓人氮气可以使钢中含氧量降低约50%。浓差定氧还可用于判断和控制钢锭上涨及皮下气泡的发生

本工作用自行设计、安装的电子工作线路，用抽氧法（又称极化电动势法）测定了国产氧化锆固体电解质，（含CaO重量为4%）的电子导电特征氧分压。

The principle for selecting the reference electrode of oxygen sensor for steelmaking was explained by the distribution formula of oxygen potential in a ZrOz-based solid electrolyte, and this formula was evaluated under steady-state condition. The Cr/Cr2O3 reference electrode is better than the Mo/MoO2 reference electrode to measure the steel melts with oxygen content lower than 300ppm at 1600℃. The use of Mo/UoO2 reference electrode can accurately measure the steel melts with oxygen content higher than 300ppm, but is not suitable for measuring the steel melts with extremely low oxygen content.

The elect rochemical nature of reaction between melt and slag in a closed system was worked out. Experimental results demonst ratedt hat both the rate and reaction extent in-crease when the elect ronic conductor or voltage was applied between melt and slag. The big-ger the contact area of the conductor with melts is, the faster the reaction rate is. With the increase of applied voltage which is beneficial for elect ron's migration between metal and slags, the rate and extent of reaction increase.