流体包裹体研究是油气形成和成藏定量化研究的重要手段。本文总结了油气藏中流体包裹体的地质地球化学意义及其在石油、天然气研究中的应用，探讨了烃源岩和储层流体包裹体在确定源岩演化、沉积环境、有机母质类型、成熟度、油气运移充填期次等方面的应用，指出目前流体包裹体油气地球化学研究应关注的几个前沿方向：①在流体包裹体分析实验技术中，单个包裹体分析技术在油气地质定量化研究中具有重要的作用；②通过有机包裹体自然剖面与模拟实验对比研究烃类流体运移分馏，为建立油气成藏过程地球化学示踪指标提供基础参数；⑧通过储层中不同期次有机包裹体的化学组成、同位素组成、生物标志化合物与圈闭中已经聚集成藏的油气地球化学特征的对比研究，确定圈闭中油气的成因、来源和充填过程；④有机包裹体成烃作用研究为碳酸盐岩生烃和深层油气成因理论提供依据；这些方向的研究成果为深化油气理论、提高勘探水平具有重要意义。

利用热分解质谱法测定了中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩中流体挥发分的组成，并对不同温度段释放出的CO2气体测定了C、o同位素值。流体组成和CO2的C、O同位素值表明中国东部上地幔源区的不均一性，与其中所含幔源岩捕虏体相比，碱性玄武岩浆发育在相对氧化的环境中，并有外来流体组分的加入。

The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in lherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in therzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eaatem China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H~are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 and SO2 are the dominant components of the PFUM in the Su-Lu-Wan (Jiangsu-Shandong-Anhui) region, where recycled crustal fluids were mixed with deeper mantle components. There are several fluids with distinct compositions beneath eastern China, such as primitive fluids of upper mantle (CO, CO2 and He), partial melting fluids (CO2 and CO) and metasomatic fluids mixed with recycled crustal fluids (CO2, N2, SO2 and CH4) etc. Fluids of the upper mantle beneath the North China craton are different from that of the South China craton in total gases and chemical compositions: the contents of the reduced gases of the PFUM in the NCC are higher than those in the SCC.