质子交换膜燃料电池的水、热、气管理对其性能和寿命有非常重要影响。本文重点讨论了水热、气管理主要措施和它们对电池性能的影响。分析表明，对质子交换膜燃料电池物理机制认识的不足是水、热、气管理水平低的原因，论文指出，应建立质子交换膜燃料电池的多尺度，多相，多埋场，动态仿真模型，进行分析，模拟和优化来提高其性能。

质子交换膜燃料电池的水、热、气管理对其性能和寿命有非常重要的影响。计论了水、热、气管理的主要措施和它们对电池性能的影响。分析表明：对质子交换燃料电池物理机制认识的不足，是水、热、气管理水平较低的原因。应建立质子交换膜燃料电池的多尺度、多相、多物理场、动态仿真模型、模拟和优化，未提高其性能。

The themomechanical stress analysis aims at the thermal and mechanical response of LPG vessel under high thempeature environment. It includes the ealculation of temperature field and stress field of LPG vessel. The finite elements analysis software ANSYS is used to calculate the temperature field. The themal boundary conditions of LPG vessel are determined according to the heat transfer theory and calculated by the software PLGS99. The transient stress of LPG vessel includes transient thermal stress and transient mechanical stress. The thermal stress is calulated by applying thermal load, and the mechanical stress is calculated by applying pressure load of the steam in the vessel. The total stress is obtaince by adding the thermal stress and the mechanical stress. The reults show that the maximum stress in the vessel appears near the highest surface where the liquid cal reach, that the maximum cquivalent thermal stress is much larger than the maximum equivalent mechanical stress. and that the temperature gradient in longitude direction is the main reason that leads to the failure of the vessel.

The thermal shock experiment is important measure to evaluate the themal shock resis-lhcrmal shock I-csis-trance of ceramic/metal gradient thermal barrier coatings Two substrate materials and four coatingschemes were adopted to make the specimens. Before and after the thermal shock experiments, themicrostructure of specimcens was obsecrvcd. The heat transfer and the associated thermal: stresses prodtuceedin the thermal. shock procedure were simulated by finitc clement softwarc ANSYS. The simulation resultshowcd that the gradient coating scheme is much hetter than layered coating schemes andd (2Crl 3 is moresuitable than ICr18Ni9ti is substrate material. The experiment, rosults demonstrated that the largethermal shock stresses; and the large thermal stress gradient are the main reaons of erack initiation and propagation The finite elemetn.simulation agree with the theormal shock experiment results.

Four Coating schemes and two substrate materials. i.e, 2Crl3 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti, are designed to evaluate the charaecteristics of the ceramic/metal gradient thermal barrier coating. For all the coating schemes, ZrO2 is used as ceramic and NiCr/Al as bond metal. The gradient coating is successfully prepared by plasma spray with single torch and single feeder. Tje coating and thermal residual stress, The coating micro-structure is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Diffractive peaks for the gradient coating are got at different zone by X-ray spectroscopy (XRS). In the thermal shock test, the microstructure of the specimens is obscrved before and after the experiment, and cracks are found in the coatin post the experimetn. The thermal shock experiment shows that the thermal shock resistance property of the gradient coating is better than that of the non-gradient coating. The measurments of thermal residual stresses in different coating schemes are carried out by hole-drilling method. the results show that compressional stress resents on 1Cr18Ni9Ti substrate and tensile stress presents on 2Crl3 substrate.