Genetic diversity and structure of 15 populations of Phragmites australis growing in the Yellow River Delta and wetlands nearby were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Analysis based on 17 enzyme loci coding for 8 enzyme systems showed that there exists a high level of genetic variability in P. australis. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 49.0%, the average number of alleles per locus is 1.53, and the average expected heterozygosity is 0.221. The genetic diversity was found within populations rather than among populations (GST=0.226). A high level of clonal diversity was indicated in this species with PD (proportion distinguishable variations, PD=0.53). The size of different clones, however, varied significantly. The clonal structure analysis demonstrated a clear genetic mosaic. There is a negative correlation between salinity and growth rate of the reeds. Genetic distances were positively correlated to the geographical distances among populations of P. australis. The populations in saline habitats have become differentiated from their freshwater counterparts.

FDR（Frequency Domain Reflectometry） 频域反射仪是一种用于测量土壤水分的仪器，它利用电磁脉冲原理、根据电磁波在介质中传播频率来测量土壤的表现介电常数（ε），从而得天土壤容积含水量（θv）。介绍了FDR系统的测量原理、系统安装、测量方法及其在土壤水分连续动态监测中的应用，并对实际测量结果进行了校正，可以作为FDR校正的参考。在半干旱区皇甫川流域的应用实践表明，FDR具有简便安全、快速准确、定点连续、自动化、宽量程、少标定等优点，是一种值得推荐的土壤水分测定仪器。

Leaf epidermis of 37 species representing 11 genera of Vitaceae was investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shapes of leaf epidermal cells are usually irregular or polygonal; the patterns of anticlinal walls are straight, arched or sinuolate, The stomatal apparatuses, only present on the abaxial epidermis for all sampled genera excepl Leea, can be assigned into five types. The anomocytic type, occurring in Parthenocissus, Yua, Vitis, Am-pelopsis and Ampelocissus, is common in Vitaceae; whereas the other four types can be considered diagnostic of several genera, such as anisocytic type for Leea, hemiparacytic type for Cissus, Gayrtatia and Tetrastigma, staurocvtic type Rhoicissus, Muscadiania and Tetrastigma, and cy-clocytic type for Tetrastigma. Under SEM the cuticular membrane of the leaf epidermis is striated, scaly or granular, and papillae were only found in Yua austro-orientalis. This study provides leaf epidermal evidence for supporting the establishment of Leeaceae as a distinct family, and the separa-tion of Yua from Parthenocissus as a genus of the Vitaceae. There are two major lineages in Vitaceae (excluding Leea), one comprising Parthenocissus, Yua, Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Muscadinia and Vitis mainly with anomocytic stomatal apparatuses and 5-merous flowers, and the other includ-ing Cayratia, Rhoicissus, Ciissus and Tetrastigma mainly with staurocytic, hemiparacytic of cyclo-cytic stomatal apparatuses and 4-merous flowers.

以水盐为主导生态因子，分析了黄河下游湿地芦苇（Phragmites australis）种群形态变异的水平与格局。对基径、株高、叶长、叶宽、节司长、节司数和穗长7个形态特征在15个种群中的变异分析表明：种群内个体司形态差异极显著，7个形态特征在种群内的变异系数从大到小依次为节司长（0.2846）、叶宽（0.2536）、穗长（0.2449）、叶长（0.2085）、基径（0.1875）、节司数（0.1763）、株高（0.1657）；7个形态特征在种群司的变异度从大到小依次为株高、叶长、节司长、叶宽、基径、节司数、穗长，但种群司形态的显著差异主要存在于滨州种群（BzH）、淡水种群（ZHG、DPH、NYH，土壤总盐度<0.1%）、盐生种群（HS01、HS02、HS03、HS04、HS05、DWL、KD、GD、LZH、LJ、DLH，土壤总盐度>0.3%）之司，在来自相似生境的种群司形态差异普遍不显著；7个形态特征均与水盐联合影响因子显著相关；以形态特征为基础的聚类分析将研究的15个种群分为显著不同的3类。因此，根据黄河下游湿地芦苇形态变异规律和分化特点，建议将该地区芦苇分为盐生芦苇、淡水芦苇、巨型芦苇3个形态类型。