建筑节能已成为我国节能技术领域的重要议题,该文从制冷空调以及能量综合利用角度探讨了建筑节能 的重要技术问题, 并就建筑物复合能量利用系统进行了分析与讨论。

A combined cycle capable of heating and adsorption refrigeration is proposed, and the experimental prototype has been installed. The system consists of a heater, a water bath, an activated carbon-methanol adsorption bed and an ice box. This system has been tested with electric heating, and has been found that with 61 MJ heating, the 120kg water in the bath can be heated from 22℃ to 92℃, of while 9kg ice at 21.5℃ is made. The calculated COPsystem is 0.0591 and COPcycle is 0.41. After reconstruction to a real hybrid household water heater-refrigerator, when 55 MJ heating is added to 120kg of 21℃ water, and the condensing temperature is controlled at about 30℃, the result is the 4kg water contained inside the methanol refrigerant evaporator was iced to 22℃, the cooling capacity of the ice and the refrigerant in the evaporator will maintain the 100 liter cold box for about three days below 5℃. The experiments show the potential of the application of the solar powered hybrid water heater and refrigerator. Theoretical simulation has been done, which is in good agreement with experimental results. This research shows that the hybrid solar water heating and ice-making is reasonable, and the combined cycle of heating and cooling is meaningful for real applications of adsorption systems.

A heat regenerative adsorption refrigerator using spiral plate heat exchangers as adsorbers and an adsorption heat pump for air conditioning using plate ®n heat exchangers or plate ®n shell and tube type heat exchangers as adsorbers have been developed and researched. Experimental research results are shown. The activated carbon±methanol adsorption pair is used for the two kinds of adsorption systems. With a heat source temperature of 100℃, the refrigerator achieved a refrigeration power density of more than 2.6kg ice per day per kg activated carbon with a coecient of performance (COP) of 0.13, and the heat pump achieved 150W/kg activated carbon for air conditioning with a COP of about 0.4.

An adsorption cooling system was developed and tested and various operation procedures have been tried. The experimental results show that the heat recovery operation between two adsorption beds will increase the COP by about 25% if compared with one adsorber basic cycle system It was also proved that mass recovery is very effective for heat recovery adsorption cooling operation, which may help to obtain a COP increase of more than 10%. Theoretical analyses on the COP have been completed for various heat and mass recovery cycles, such as basic intermittent adsorption cycle, continuous two-adsorber heat recovery cycle, mass recovery. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental values. Based upon the developed theoretical model, it is possible to predict the COP for various operation procedures of a real adsorption cooling system.

The research work on adsorption refrigeration in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) started in 1993, various adsorption refrigeration cycles have been investigated, such as continuous heat recovery cycle, mass recovery cycle, thermal wave cycle, convective thermal wave cycle, cascade multi effect cycle, hybrid heating and cooling cycle etc. Several prototype adsorption refrigeration systems have been developed and tested, typical examples are continuous heat regenerative adsorption ice maker using spiral plate adsorbers, adsorption heat pump using novel heat exchanger as adsorbers, solar powered adsorption ice maker, solar powered hybrid system of water heater and adsorption refrigerator, waste heat driven air conditioning system for automobiles. Reasonable experimental results have been obtained, it was found that with a heat source temperature of 100℃, the refrigerator can obtain specific refrigeration power for 5.2kg-ice/day per kg activated carbon in one adsorber, the heat pump can reach a specific cooling power for more than 150W/kg-adsorbent with a COP close to 0.5, the adsorption solar ice maker yields 5-7kg-ice per day per square meter solar collector, the hybrid solar water heater and ice maker is capable of heating 60kg water up to about 90℃ and meanwhile yields ice making about 5kg per day with a 2-msolar collector. The adsorption mechanisms of adsorption refrigeration pairs and also the thermo-physical properties have been also studied in SJTU, which are very helpful for adsorption refrigeration researches. This paper shows the various aspects researched in SJTU.