建筑节能已成为我国节能技术领域的重要议题,该文从制冷空调以及能量综合利用角度探讨了建筑节能 的重要技术问题, 并就建筑物复合能量利用系统进行了分析与讨论。

Heat transfer in a bath of subcooled superfluid helium is different if compared with that in other coolants, which is mainly related to the superfluid characteristics and also the three phases of gas helium (GHe), helium I liquid (HeI) and subcooled helium II liquid (HeIIp). A two step phase transition model is developed, in which the interface phenomena of GHe/HeI and HeI/HeII are considered. The model explains experimental results well.

Experimental studies on the practical performance of an adsorption air conditioning system powered by exhausted heat from a diesel locomotive are presented. The system incorporates one adsorbent bed and utilizes zeolite-water as a working pair to provide chilled water for conditioning the air in the driver s cab of the locomotive. Performance tests under different running conditions have been carried out. Experimental results show that the suggested adsorption system is technically feasible and can be applied for space air conditioning of the locomotive driver s cab, except the case when the locomotive tracts a way train. The average refrigeration power ranging from 3.0 to 4.2kW has been obtained under typical running conditions.

作为一种化学吸附制冷工质对，在吸附制冷条件下，CaCl2-NH3在发生化学吸附之前，由于van der Waals力相对于化学反应力作用距离比较长，所以一般要先发生物理吸附. 这个状态称为化学吸附前驱态. 通过控制氯化钙不同的膨胀、结块现象，在氨络合物的屏蔽系数作用下实现NH3气体分子与Ca2+之间不同的距离长度，从而得到了不同的化学吸附前驱态. 结果表明，吸附剂发生严重膨胀现象而没有发生结块现象时，由于化学吸附前驱态中NH3气体分子与Ca2+之间距离较长，吸附过程所需要的活化能增加，吸附剂在反复的吸附、解吸过程中出现衰减现象. 而在吸附剂发生结块现象时，由于NH3气体分子与Ca2+之间距离受到有限空间的控制，从化学吸附前驱态过渡到化学吸附态所需要的活化能相对较小，其吸附性能不再出现衰减趋势. 利用化学吸附前驱态研究了吸附制冷等压线，结果也表明，在Ca2+的分布没有对NH3气体分子的渗透性能产生影响的前提下，化学吸附前驱态对试验结果起着决定性作用.

A newly developed adsorption water chiller is introduced and tested. In the new adsorption refrigeration system, there are no refrigerant valves, the problem of mass transfer resistance resulting in pressure drop along refrigerant passage in conventional systems when methanol or water is used as refrigerant can be absolutely solved. Silica-gel-water is used as working pair and mass recovery-like process is adopted in order to use low temperature heat source ranging from 70 to 85 8C effectively. The experiment results demonstrate that the chiller (26.4kg silica-gel in each adsorber) has a cooling capacity of 2-7.3kW and COP ranging 0.2-0.42 according to different evaporating temperatures. Based on the experimental tests of the first prototype, the second prototype is designed and tested; the experimental data demonstrate that the chiller performance has been greatly improved, with a heat source temperature of 80℃, a COP over 0.5 and cooling capacity of 9 kW has been achieved at evaporating temperature of 13℃.