Transmission characteristics are studied for hybrid structures combining defects and multiple heterostructures. It is shown that the nontransmission frequency range can be substantially enlarged and the phenomenon of multiple-channeled filtering can be realized by adjusting the number, position, and size of the defects. One, two, and three channeled filters are considered in the structures. Examples are studied theoretically by transfer matrix methods.

A new method of designing x-ray supcromirrors with broad angular or energy response for use as coatings in x-ray optics is presented. The dcsign is basced on an analytical method with ovcrsimplified analytical and semi empirical fbrmulac, and an cxtensivc numciffcal method is used in the optimization design. A better initial multilaycr is obtained with the formcr mcthod and optimizcd with the lattcr mcthod. Iu the optimization, a good dcsign is achiercd with much less computing time. In addition, the saturation effect due to the intcrfacial roughness in multilaycr also emergcs in the dcsign of x-ray supcrmirrors with definitc pcrformanccs. The reffcctiity of C/W x-ray supermirrosrs as a function of photon cncrgy at the fixed grazing incident angle 0.5

软X射线干涉测量是通过软X射线激光经过Mach-zehnder干涉仪完成的，是测量临界面附近等离子体状态的重要方法。基于软X射线多层膜的性能特点，指出软X射线干涉测量的干涉仪各光学元件的入射角越接近正入射越好，分束镜的设计应以其反射率和透过率的乘积为衡量标准。用离子束溅射法制作了类镍银13.9nm软X射线激光干涉测量所需的分束镜，实测表明其面形精度达到纳米量级，反射率和透过率乘积大于1.6%。

基于分束镜反射率和透射率的乘积为衡量标准的原则！设计了13.9nm软X射线激光干涉测量所需的多层膜分束镜，用磁控溅射法在有效面积达10mm×10mm，厚10nm的氮化硅窗口上镀制Mo/Si多层膜，实现了分束镜制作。用表面轮廓仪实测分束镜面形精度达到nm量级，同步辐射反射率计测试表明，分束镜的反射率和透射率乘积约4%。

A method of designing depth-graded multilayer structures with broad angular response for use as coatings in X-ray optics is presented. The design is based on the well-known Fresnel equations and recursive calculation, combined with a merit function plus random variation of the thickness of each layer. This allows the design of multilayer films for different requirements in X-ray optics. Results are presented on the layer thicknesses in depth-graded W/C multilayer films and their reflectivity as a function of the grazing incidence angle for Cu Ka radiation. The required minimum number of bilayers in depth-graded multilayer films depends on the grazing incidence angle, i.e., the saturation effect observed in the design of periodic multilayer films also emerges in the design of depth-graded multilayers. The predicted performances of multilayers designed using this method are superior to those designed using existing methods. All rights reserved.