In this paper, we have exactly solved Glauber's critical dynamics of the Gaussian model in three dimensions. Of course, it is much easier to apply in the low-dimensional case. The key steps are that we generalize the spin change mechanism from Glauber's single-spin flipping to single-spin transition and give a normalized version of the transition probability. We have also investigated the dynamical critical exponent and found surprisingly that the dynamical critical exponent is highly universal; that is, for one, two, and three dimensions they have the same value independent of spatial dimensionality in contrast to static ~equilibrium! critical exponents.

Using the real-space renormalization-group transformation, we study the phase transitions of the Ashkin-Teller model including the antiferromagnetic interactions on a type of diamond hierarchical lattices, of which the number of bonds per branch of the generator is odd. The isotropic Ashkin-Teller model and the anisotropic one are, respectively, investigated. We find that the phase diagram, for the isotropic Ashkin-Teller model, consists of five phases, two of which are associated with the partially antiferromagnetic ordering of the system, while the phase diagram, for the anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model, contains 11 phases, six of which are related to the partially antiferromagnetic ordering of the system. The correlation length critical exponents and the crossover exponents are also calculated.

In this paper the phase transition of the Gaussian model on m-sheet fractals (mSG)l and (mDH)l is investigated by the real-space renormalization-group method, i.e., decimation following a spin rescaling. The latter is introduced to keep the parameter b constant. Fixed points of the renormalization-group transformation are found and discussed. Our results show the existence of different properties of phase transition between the Gaussian model and the Ising model on fractals. In addition, we find that the critical point k*=b/4 in a regular Sierpinski gasket is identified, with result of k*=b/d d is the coordination number! in Euclidean space. This indicates that the critical point of the Gaussian model may be uniquely determined by the coordination number whether on homogeneous fractals or translationally invariant lattices.

The phase transitions of the anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model on a family of diamond-type hierarchical lattices is studied by means of the transfer-matrix method and the real-space renormalization-group transformation. We find that the phase diagram, for the ferromagnetic case, consists of five phases, i.e., the fully disordered paramagnetic phase P, the fully ordered ferromagnetic phase F, and three partially ordered ferromagnetic phases Fs, F s, and Fs s, as well as ten nontrivial fixed points. The correlation length critical exponents and the crossover exponents are also calculated. In addition, we also investigate the variations of the critical exponents with the fractal dimension df, the number of branches m, and the number of bonds per branch b of the generator of the family of diamond-type hierarchical lattices. Finally we give a brief discussion about universality.

In this paper, we present a multispin transition mechanism, which is an extension of the Glauber one, to investigate critical dynamics. By exactly solving the master equation, the influence of the multispin transition mechanism on the dynamic critical behavior is studied for the Gaussian model with nearest-neighbor interactions on d-dimensional lattices (d51, 2, and 3!. The time evolution of magnetization is exactly calculated, and the exact results of relaxation time and dynamic critical exponent are obtained. Our models are divided into two kinds: one is the spin-cluster transition and the other is the arbitrary multispin transition. It is found that there are different relaxation times, but the same dynamical critical exponent for different kinds of multispin transitions. The results show that the dynamical critical exponents are independent of spatial dimensions and configurations of transitional spins, and that the dynamical critical exponent is the same as that of the Glauber dynamics, and thus give a strong support to the simple single-spin-transition dynamics. Finally, we give a brief discussion on the results.