如何制造大型原型零件是目前快速成形技术（RP）研究的热点之一。分层实体制造工艺（LOM）在直接制造大型原型方面具有独特的优势。造型周期长是制造大型原型的困难之一，针对LOM工艺提出了动态分区并行扫描成形的方法。分析和试验结果表明，采用该方法可以有效提高成形效率，是实现直接制造大型原型的可行途径之一。

This paper introduces a new subject called bio-manufacturing. Bio-manufacturing comoines life science with manufacturing science, and uses manufacturing method to form materials with bio-activib/and bio- degradability into scaffolds. In this paper, we discuss the hierarchy of bio-manufacturing: the lower grade uses undegradabte bio-material to form permanent organ replacement such as auricular cartilage and the higher grade uses biodegradable bio-materials to repair organ damage or organ replacement which degrades after embedded in the human body. They all adopt jetting/extrusion deposition process (fused deposition modelling or 3D printer), the distinct different point being the temperature of the forming chamber. The samples of bones and auricular cartilage produced by those processes had been practiced on dogs and rabbits, repaired their damage.

The race to fabricate a product to market increases in speed, cost and quality, the drive for tooling lead times to decrease with low cost becomes more important. Rapid Tooling (RT) fabricated in Tsinghua university, uses metal plasma spraying process and rapid prototyping (RP) to form a metal tool. The process uses plasma spraying as the heat pool to melt metal powder and then deposit molten metal onto the substrate made from RP. It provides a quick, accurate, sample and relatively cost effective route for producing metal parts or tools, especially for large tools. The process and key technologies are analyzed and described in detail. Applications illustrate that the total costs for new products can be reduced by as much as 40～60% and lead times can be reduced 50～60%.