A new kind of passive mechanical damper, tuned liquid damper (TLD), is studied that relies upon the motion of shallow liquid in a rigid tank for changingthe dynamic characteristics of a structure and dissipating its vibration energy. Anonlinear model of two-dimensional liquid motion inside a rectangular TLD sub-jected to horizontal motion is developed on the basis of shallow-water wave theory,where the damping of the liquid motion is included semianalytically. Using themodel, the response of a structure with TLD is also computed. The liquid motioninside the TLD under harmonic base excitation and, furthermore, the response ofa single-degree-of-freedom structure with TLD, subjected to harmonic externalforce, are experimentally investigated. The agreement is good between the exper-iment and the prediction.

简述了1995年阪神丈地震后日本桥粱抗震工程领域的主要研究动向及热点课题，并介熠了日本桥粟抗震设计规范的变迁及阪神地震后规范的改订情况，旨在帮助读者对日本该研究领域有一十概括性的了解，为国内的桥粱抗震研究和规范的编制改订工作提供参考和比较材料。并希望能以此促进中日两国抗震工程研究领域的相互了解与交流。

A tuned liquid damper (TLD), which consists of rigid tanks partially filled by liquid, is a type of passive control devicerelying upon liquid sloshing forces or moments to change the dynamical properties and to dissipate vibrationalenergy of a structure. An analytical non-linear model is proposed for a TLD using rectangular tanks filled with shallowliquid under pitching vibration, utilizing a shallow water wave theory. The model includes the linear damping of thesloshing liquid, which is an important parameter in the study of a TLD as it affects the efficiency of the TLD. Shakingtable experiments were conducted for verification; good agreement between the analytical simulations and the experi-mental results was observed in a small excitation amplitude range. The simulations of TLD-structure interaction by usingthe proposed model show that the TLD can efficiently suppress resonant pitching vibration of a structure. It is also foundthat the effectiveness of a TLD for suppressing the pitching vibration depends not only on the mass of liquid in the TLDbut also on the configuration of the liquid as well as upon the position where the TLD is located. If the configuration ofthe liquid, i.e. the liquid depth and the TLD tank size, is designed suitably, the TLD can have a large suppressing momentand can be very effective even with a small mass of liquid.

Liquid motions in shallow Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs) with rectangular, circular, and annular tanks, subject toharmonic base excitation, are measured experimentally. Using a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Tuned MassDamper (TMD) analogy, equivalent mass, stiffness and damping of the TLD are calibrated from the experimental results.These parameters are functions of the TLD base amplitude. Some important properties of the TLD are discussed on thebasis of these results.

拉索是索承重大跨桥梁的重要承力部件；由于拉索质量轻，柔度大，阻尼小，在风的激励下，会发生强烈的振动，其中最为剧烈的是拉索的风雨激振。对此，结构工程师采取了各种措施来控制拉索的风致振动。迄今为止，在拉索上附加耗能减振装置仍然是索承重大跨桥梁拉索振动控制的主要手段。就目前国内外索承重大跨桥梁拉索的振动控制装置种类与性能进行比较和分析，指出它们的优缺点；并展望未来拉索振动的半主动控制和主动控制装置。