By the mapping method the relevant planes and straight lines of a cutting tool can be mapped on aprojection plane, and then all the angles of the cutting tool in both tool-in-hand and tool-in-use systems can bedetermined by a simple plane geometric proced

A new method for analysing, and calculating angles on cutting tools by means of projective geometry, vector algebra and matrix algebra is suggested. This method makes it possible to turn the solid geometry problem into a plane geometry one, and to deduce

All the real machining operations are of non-free-cutting, which is characterized by the interferenceof the chip ejections from different segments of the cutting edges. The rapid advancing of modern cuttingtechnology makes the non-free-cutting processes e