A linear relationship between the cross-head displacement S or pendulum displacement in the Charpy test and the crack mouth opening displacement V has been found in the paper for several polymers and a mild steel. The crack opening displacement δ is material and crack-length dependent and it decreases with increasing crack length. Through analysis the dynamic fracture toughness K1d can be measured from the P-S (the load and the cross-head displacement) curve, which is very easy to obtain in static or dynamic tests.

A hydrogen storage electrode alloy Ml0.7Mg0.2Ni2.8Co0.6 was obtained by inductive melting of La-rich mischmetal and some other alloy elements such as Mg, Ni and Co. XRD, SEM and EDX analyses indicated that the microstructure of the prepared alloy was composed of LaNi5 phase as matrix and La5Mg2Ni21 as secondary phase. The highest hydrogen absorption concentration is 1.58wt% at 302K through pressure-concentration-temperature (P-C-T) curves measurement. The discharge capacity reaches 380mAh=g, which is 20% higher than that of traditional LaNi5 type alloys. However, the cycle stability needs to be improved further for commercialization. The formation of La5Mg2Ni21 secondary phase is the key factor for the high capacity of the alloy.

采用温控电弧装置，以Co，Ni合金粉末作为催化剂，放电电流为80A，电压为32V，放电时间为5min，研究了不同气氛、压力及温度对制取非晶碳纳米管的影响，确定了优化参数。在环境温度为600℃时，氢气气氛，真空度约为6.6×104Pa，非晶碳纳米管的产量和纯度（质量分数）都分别达到了6.5g/h和80%以上，其管径为7～20nm。

In this paper a new type of hydrogen storage alloy Ml(NiCoMgAl)5:1−xZnx (06x60:3) was obtained by vacuuminductive melting of La-rich mixed mischmetal elements with Ni and some other alloy elements such as Co, Mg, Al and Zn. The pressure-composition-temperature (P-C-T) tests show that the highest hydrogen concentration can reach 1:58wt% for Zn-free (x=0) composition and then decreases from 1:44wt% (x=0:2) to 1:19wt% (x=0:3), respectively, with the increase of Zn in the alloys. The electrochemical tests show that the electrochemical capacity of alloys reaches a very high level, 380mAh=g for x=0, and then decreases to 366mAh=g (x=0:1); 345mAh=g (x=0:2) and 271mAh=g (x=0:3), respectively, with the increase of Zn in the alloys. The attenuation rate of capacity decreases from16% (x=0) to 4% (x=0:3) after 100 charging=discharging cycles. Proper Zn content (0<x<0:2) in: uences the electrochemical capacity of alloys a little, but it improves the cycle stability and the discharge ability, especially the high rate discharge ability. Optic microscopy, SEM and EDX analyses indicate that the main part of alloys are Mg-free and Mg-contained LaNi5-based solid solutions. The latter is the key to the high electrochemical capacity. The addition of Zn makes the secondary phase change from LaNi2 to Co-rich phase in the alloys and also in: uences their quantity and shape.