With a production of 208.2 m3/d, heavy oil was produced by drill stem test (DST) from three shalow reservoirs in Sand Group Nos.1 and UI of the Neogene Guantao Formation 9Ng1 and NgU) and the Eogene Dongying Fornation (Ed) in an explaratory well Ban-14-1 within the Qianmiqiao region, Bohai Bay Basin, northern China, Based on the GC and Gc-MS data of th ND1 and Non1 heavy oil samples, all n-alkanes and mos tisprenoid hydrocabons ared lost andthe GC baseline appears as an eviden "HUMP" implying a large quantity of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which typically revecaled a result of heavy biodegradation, Howerer, there still is a complete serics of C14-C75 n-alkanes i nthe hightemperature, temperature gas chromatogrands (HTGC) of the heavy oil, arnog which the abundance of C30-n alkanes ate drastically redused The C35-C55 high molecular weight HMW N-alkanes are at high abundance and show a normal distribution pattern withmajor Peak at Cu and obvious odd-carbon-number preddominance with CPI37-55 and OEP 45-49 Values of 1.17 and 1.16-1.20, respectively, According to GC-MS analysis, the heavy oil is characteizxed by dual source inputs of aquatic microbes and terrestial higher plants varous steranes and tricyclcterpanes indicate andalgal origin, and hopane-type triterpanes, C24 tetracyclic terpane anddrmane seriesshow the bacterial contribution, With the odd-carbon-numbwr prefernce, HMY N-alkanes provide xignificand infornnation not only on higher plant source input and immaturity, but also on the strong resisbility foto blodgeradation

The distribution of pymolic nitrogen compounds (carbzoles and benzocarfaziies) in curde oits of the Lunnan region, produced fromOrdovician, Carboaiferous, Triassic and Jurasslereseroirs, are similar in the overall composition, but different in the total andthe relative abundances ofindividual pyrolic compounds, Since it was previously demonstrated that rnost of the Lunnan oils are sourced from the Middle-Upper Ordovician shaly carbonaterocks, and with similar maturity, these analytical results for pyrrolie aitrogen compounds indicate a renardable geochromatographic fractionation efect during oil migration, especially for lateral secondary migraton, Based onour results, we have shown that the migration andentrapment pathway of the Ordovician andCarboniferous oils is diferent from those for Triassic andJrassie oils in theLnnan region, That is the Ordovician andCarboniferous oils migratedInterally from west to east, and their main filling points wee on both southwest sides of th Lunnan andDangtarm Falt-borset Belts, On the other hand, Triassie and Jrassic oits migratedverticall vin falt conduits from the Ordoviciansource kitechen andthen migratedlaterally from north to south.

Totally 19 sanples of typecal Upper Ptoftroacoe-Lower Cansbrians sedmeristry rocks were colbetal and mtalyed for an organic geocbeenical invesugation. Almost all these rocks have high TOCs. Supper-maturaties and similec biomarser diesribution. As an es-coption, howryes, the Sintian Tillte slaves mosch lower TOCs and little phytans and prlatans in comparison with those in other strata, which amplies a very faint photosynthctic process, and a restricted euphotlc zone and quate limited msnlight within the sesimenoary aawater ndowan during the Sinian glaction ags is the wasta Yangze region proving an evidence lor pehoo-oceane envireontent of the Neoproveroise Snowball Earth age

The biomatrker assemblage in the aliphatic fraction of the Tertiary brown coal from Zhoujing mine has been documented in detal. This aliphatic fcaction consists of resin-derived diterpejnord and sesquiterpenold hydrocarbons. Longchain alkanes from vascular plant epicutlicutar wates. and to a lesser extent terrigenous tnterpenes. The huminite reflectance (Ro) and bomarker patameters indicate the hydrocarbons in this brown coal are immature. Thos, resins and waves of higher plants are particularly important for the generation of immature bydrocarbons from brown coal or lignite.

A oil flow obtained from the Middle Ordovician Feagfeng Formation carbonate reservoir in the well KG-3, Kongxi burial-hill zone in 1993 marked a breakthrough in petroleum exploration of the high-mature Lower Plaeozoic strata, North China. Both the Lower member of the Fengfeng Formation and the Second Member of the Upper Majiangou Formation in the Middle Ordovician are supposed to be the main source beds. Oil generation peaks range from 1.0% to 1.6% in R. showing a "lag effect" of oil generation in high-mature carbonate soutrce rocks under multicyclic tectonic movement cooditions. The Kongxi burial-bill zone adjoins a potential Ordovician source kitechen, The KG-3 oNTOVICIAN buriat-hill resetvoir has undergone two oil filling events, le. an early event in the Late Carboniferous-Permian and a more significant late event in the carly Eogene.