声波测试是工程岩体质量评价的最主要手段之一。将岩体与岩块的纵波波速比的平方定义为岩体的完整性系数，不仅为国内外学者广泛认同，而且是现行规范的定义。这是源于如下认识：原位岩体的纵波波速小于其中岩块的波速；岩体越破碎，小得越多。然而，通过润扬大桥声波测试发现，用通常手段得到的大部分岩体的测井波速反而大于岩样波速。对该桥基岩40余个钻孔数百个岩样进行了多种手段的对比研究和综合分析，探讨了测试结果的可靠性及产生原因，进而提出了岩芯卸荷扰动和卸荷敏感岩体的概念和相应的工程对策。

Rock-gas outbursts, including sandstone-gas outbursts, become more and more serious with increasing depth of engineering and more difficult geological environments and their prediction and prevention are one of the major challenges to the rock mechanics and rock engineering community. Comparatively speaking, sandstone-gas outbursts have not been well studied and are less documented than coal-gas outbursts. So the exchange of information, especially in the field of the prediction and prevention of sandstone-gas outbursts, is important. This paper outlines an outburst in which over 2000 tonnes of oil-bearing sandstone were ejected with 900,000m3 of gas in the air shaft of Haishiwan Colliery; this is the largest sandstone-gas outburst in China to date. The theoretical and technical investigation relating to the prediction and prevention of such sandstone-gas outbursts, taking the Haishiwan Colliery project as the background, are described in the paper. A comprehensive prediction method employing a suite of macro-and micro-indices gained from test drilling and laboratory testing on rock cores is proposed in the paper. It is found that the combination and comparison of the results of field observations, measurements and laboratory tests are helpful to ensure the reliability of outburst prediction. The principle and scheme of preventive drilling and discharging, including the pattern and number of releasing boreholes and the safety distance for drilling, were studied. It is revealed that discharging of gas can also release rock mass strain energy, which should be taken into consideration in the determination of the number of releasing boreholes. For the purpose of releasing, the Tubular Destressed and Depressurized Protective Zone (TDDPZ) pattern proposed in the paper is more efficient and economical than the currently applied fan-shaped pattern of releasing boreholes. The accuracy of prediction and the efficiency of the preventive measures were verified by successful excavation through the oil-and gas-bearing sandstone units in Haishiwan Colliery.

钻孔、巷硐周围流体压力的分布和变化对围岩变形和应力状态有着显著影响。但这是一个涉及多个变量、多种响应的动态耦合过程，尚无法用解析法解算。孔硐周围的流体压力的动态变化又难以实现物理模拟。以钻孔排放瓦斯为例，通过数值模拟，结合宏观观测结果和微观机制的分析，对其规律和一些工程现象与措施的机理作了初步分析。

由于风化会对岩石强度、刚度和耐久性产生重大影响，故在岩石工程勘察设计中需对其进行重点研究。风化是润扬大桥花岗岩类基岩岩体质量和桥基选址与设计的控制因素之一。系统的地质分析和多种测试结果表明，桥区风化壳厚度的变化很大，岩性以及地壳升降、断裂切割、卸荷作用、江水下切与入渗等地质作用是控制花岗岩风化作用及其风化岩分布的主要因素；桥区花岗岩易风化、卸荷敏感，处于化学风化的早期阶段；细密的蚀变裂隙对岩石强度起着控制作用。在此基础上讨论了风化带来的主要岩土工程问题以及桥型方案、基础选址与设计、地基参数取值以及风化因素控制等方面的工程对策。

突水是地下工程常遇到的主要和危害严重的工程地质现象。工程实例分析表明，地下工程中大的涌水和突水大多与地质结构面，特别是断裂有关。文中分析了断裂控制地下水赋存和运移的规律，以及可能导致突水的富水优势断裂的特征。由于断裂突水的复杂性和众多的影响因素，将地质机制分析、经验判断和定量指标与评价模型相结合是重要的，也是可行的。文中介绍了一种富水优势断裂的量化分级方法，讨论了相应的预测与防治工程对策。