A cDNA of 417 bp encoding an S-RNase gene, named PA S3, was isolated from apricot, Prunus aremeniaca. Nine S-alleles, S1-S9, were recognized by S-allele-specific PCR and confirmed by Southern blot analysis using PA S3 as probe. The S-genotypes of the six cultivars were determined and the results of selfand cross-pollination tests among the six cultivars were consistent with the predicted Shaplotypes by PCR analysis.

利用AFLP技术从京玉、美味正反交F1代69株群体中筛选到3个特异扩增片段，与桃果实非酸/酸性状紧密连锁。回收特异片段并将其克隆、测序，结果表明特异片段A、B、C 均来自于EcoRI与MseI两内切酶酶切片段，大小依次为140、199、408 bp，利用序列分析软件推测片段B、C中可能含有与糖水平调控作用相关的因子。上述结果对AFLP标记向SCAR标记的转换具有重要意义。

以‘大久保’与‘兴津油桃’杂交的F2代109株群体为试材，采用AFLP、RAPD、SSR分子标记进行遗传分析。筛选扩增稳定、多态性丰富的36对AFLP引物、3对SSR引物、2对RAPD引物进行群体分离分析，获得分离标记136个，卡方检验27个标记偏离孟德尔分离比例。应用Mapmaker 分析软件将符合孟德尔遗传分离比例的标记构建了包含11个连锁群的连锁图谱，每个连锁群包含3～21个标记，平均为8.73个标记。该图谱覆盖基因组1061.8cM，11个连锁群的平均长度为96.5cM，标记间平均图距为11.0cM，与果实毛/油桃（G/g）、白/黄肉（Y/y）连锁的RAPD标记、非酸/酸（D/d）性状连锁的AFLP标记分别定位在第3、7、9连锁群上。

Inoculation of the grapevine (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus versiforme significantly increased resistance against the rootknot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Studies using relative quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RQRT-PCR) analysis of grapevine root inoculation with the AM fungus revealed an up-regulation of VCH3 transcripts. This increase was greater than that observed following infection with RKN. However, inoculation of the mycorrhizal grapevine roots with RKN was able to enhance VCH3 transcript expression further. Moreover, the increase in VCH3 transcripts appeared to result in a higher level of resistance against subsequent RKN infection. Constitutive expression of VCH3 cDNA in transgenic tobacco under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter also conferred resistance against RKN, but had no significant effect on the growth of the AM fungus. We analyzed β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity directed by a 1,216 bp VCH3 promoter in transgenic tobacco following inoculation with both the AM fungus and RKN. GUS activity was negligible in the root tissues before inoculation, and was more effectively induced after inoculation with the AM fungus than with RKN. Moreover, GUS staining in the mycorrhizal transgenic tobacco roots was enhanced by subsequent RKN infection, and was found ubiquitously throughout the whole root tissue. Together, these results suggest that AM fungus induced a defense response against RKN in the mycorrhizal grapevine roots, which appeared to involve ranscriptional control of VCH3 expression throughout the whole root tissue.

用200mmol/L NaCl处理大麦品种“鉴4”（Hordeum vulgare L cv J4）幼苗6d，根系质膜微囊磷脂含量、膜上共价键和非共价键结合多胺含量以及膜结合酶H+-ATPase活性均显著下降，并检测到大麦根系质膜上Na+/H+逆向运输活性。1mmol/L外源棕榈酸（C16：0）和亚油酸（C18：2）部分恢复了盐胁迫导致的膜磷脂、膜上非共价键结合多胺含量及膜结合酶活性的下降，Cls：2的恢复作用大于C16：o’而且Cls：2还能部分恢复膜蛋白上共价键结合多胺含量。外源施用C16：0和C18：2可使盐诱导的质膜Na+/H+的逆向运输活性加强，C18：2的作用大于C16：0。相关分析显示，盐胁迫后外施C16：o和C18：2，质膜上磷脂含量、膜上非共价键结合多胺含量、膜结合酶H’ATPase活性以及膜上Na。VH’逆向运输活性问均呈显著正相关关系，说明外源脂肪酸缓解盐害效应的机制之一是通过提高膜上磷脂含量，进一步提高膜结合多胺含量，增强膜的完整性，改变膜的带电状态，从而使膜结合酶活性提高并刺激了Na‘VH’逆向运输蛋白的合成。