The 1984 urban reforms in China introduced an urban land market and a housing market to Chinese cities and had profound impacts on urban structures. Using data from a 1998survey and other sources in Beijing at the subdistrict (jiedao) level, this research found that differentiations of social areas were taking place in Beijing after over a decade of urban reforms. Unlike western cities with socioeconomic status and family status as dominant forces in forming social areas, Beijing began to experience the impact of differentiation of socioeconomic status (e.g., income gaps), and the family structure factor was ineffective in Beijing because of decades of family planning. Factor analysis revealed four factors that underlay the social-spatial structure in Beijing: (1) land-use intensity as the dominant factor displaying a concentric zonal pattern, (2) neighborhood dynamics, mainly composed of the floating population ratio, featuring a sectoral pattern, (3) socioeconomic status exhibiting a combination of sectoral and zonal patterns, and (4) ethnicity resembling a multiple nuclei pattern. Superimposing the four factors generated a complex urban mosaic in Beijing. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subdistricts into nine different social areas.

利用70年代、80年代和90年代（SPOT）3个时段北京市土地利用资料进行土地利用/覆盖研究，分析其变化机制。北京土地利用变化的形式主要以轴向扩展、卫星城建设、工厂郊迁，郊区大型中价商城建设、郊外别墅区等为主，土地覆盖变化的主要形式有：（1）内城更新与改造；（2）商贸街的重建；（3）粗放型用地向集约型用地的转变。

近年来,长江三角洲除继续保持中国最大的经济核心区外,城市发展也呈现新的趋势和特点,以上海为中心,形成一批经济实力强,社会发展水平高,投资环境优越的城市群。区域城市化进程加快,向巨型大都市连绵区发展。本文从世界大都市连绵区的发展趋势出发，概要论述了长江三角洲大都市连绵区的形成、发展过程和现状特征。概括长江三角洲都市连绵区形成的动力机制主要表现在如下几个方面：（1）政府权力层层下放；（2）行政区划调整；（3）投资主体多元化；（4）市场建设与乡镇和个体企业发展。

城市化已经成为20世纪对人类社会产生最大影响的社会过程。直到最近，城市化几乎是唯一一个被看着是现代化、发展和经济增长的直接指标。未来学家托夫勒认为：高技术产业发展和中国城市化是21世纪世界经济增长与社会发展的两大驱动因素。可以看出，中国城市化不仅对中国，而且对世界都具有特别重要的意义。为了将中国城市化的研究推向世界，本文主要进行城市化的国际研究，试图建立一个中国城市化研究的国际交流平台。

A new social phenomenon and human landscape, featured with the urban poverty and spatial segregation - has taken place since the implementation of China's economic reform and open-door policy in 1978, especially, after the urban reform in 1984. This paper focused mainly on new urban poverty and peseant enclaves in Beijing. The new urban poverty can be seen as floating population in large numbers as labors, doing simple, unstable, temporary and insecure unskilled and bad-paid jobs. At the same time, some peseant enclaves has emerged in Beijing's urban fringe. It is reshuffling the urban stratification and socio-spatial division by the way of immigrant clusters in socialist Chinese cities.