To optimize the use of limited water resources, surface irrigation systems in parts of China have introduced a new water saving irrigation method for rice termed alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The basic feature of this method is to irrigate so that the soil alternates between periods of standing water and damp or dry soil conditions from 30 days after crop establishment up to harvesting. However, many Chinese rice farmers still practice the continuous irrigation method with late- season drying of the soil. A comparative assessment of these two methods of on farm water management for rice was conducted at two sites within the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS) in Hubei province of China for the 1999 and 2000 rice crops. The objective was to evaluate the impact of AWD on crop management practices and the profitability of rice production. In conjunction with irrigation district officials, two sites within ZIS were selected for study, one where AWD was supposed to be widely practiced (Tuanlin, TL) and one where it had not been introduced (Lengshui, LS). It was found that farmers at both sites do not practice a pure form of either AWD or continuous flooding. However, farmers in TL did tend to let the soil dry more frequently than their counterparts in LS. Because most farmers practice neither pure AWD nor pure continuous flooding, an AWD score was developed that measures the frequency with which farmers allow their soil to dry. This AWD score was not significantly correlated with yield after controlling for site and year effects and input use. AWD scores were also not correlated correlated with input use. We conclude that AWD saves water at the farm level without adversely affecting yields or farm profitability.

长江与洞庭湖在地理和水文要素上联系紧密。三峡工程建成后，洞庭湖水位、含沙量和水质都将受到影响，主要表现在洞庭湖径流的年内分配比原来更加均匀，湖内泥沙淤积放缓,水质有所改善, 枯水期污染物浓度有所降低等。为了更好地发挥三峡水库的作用，改善江湖关系，本文在分析基础上提出了一些建议。

Ponds are common property resources that allow users to obtain water on-demand because of their capacity to store rainwater and other surplus water close to users. Effective management of these ponds is crucial, especially with increasing water scarcity and decreasing water deliveries for agriculture that are taking place in many irrigation systems, including the Zhanghe Irrigation System (ZIS) in China. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and performance of collective action in pond management, and to quantify the factors affecting that collective action. We used two different approaches to measure the performance of collective action: a performance indicator based on soil conditions, and farmer’s perceptions based on their satisfaction with the current level of management activities. The results using the two approaches were consistent, and indicated that, among other variables, dependency on pond water, pond size, and household size were important variables affecting the performance of collective action. There was also limited evidence that clarification of property rights through the use of contractors for pond management improved outcomes for farmers.

以我国水资源较为短缺的河南省开封市为例, 对该地区水资源利用趋势进行预测研究。从开封市各行业 用水特性出发, 以水资源预测理论为基础, 建立各用水行业用水趋势模型, 对开封市不同水平年来水及各行业用 水情况进行了科学的预测和水量供需平衡分析, 揭示了实行全社会节水的必要性。

蓄滞洪区的利用是一种重要的防洪措施。但是随着三峡水库等水利工程的建成，分蓄洪区的启用几率减小；同时随着分蓄洪区社会经济的发展，分蓄洪区的启用越来越难。本文以洞庭湖蓄滞洪区和东西湖蓄滞洪区为例，从经济损失方面来论述蓄滞洪区的定位问题，并结合国内外关于蓄滞洪区的利用现状对不同类型的蓄滞洪区的合理利用进行讨论。最后，根据我国经济建设和防洪安全需要，对我国蓄滞洪区的划定和建设问题提出了几点建议。