微型核反应堆冷却/慢化剂材料物理特性对比分析
首发时间:2022-01-26
摘要:微堆具有体积小、固有安全性好、成本低等特点,并有十分广阔的应用市场,适用于海水淡化、海上平台、国防武装等多种应用场景。在反应堆中冷却剂和慢化剂发挥重要作用,其材料种类决定了小型堆的设计方法、技术和经济性,两者的中子物理特性有重要研究价值。本文通过数值手段,从中子物理角度对微型堆常用的冷却剂/慢化剂材料进行了比较。以六边形结构设计堆芯、金属铍为反射层,采用MCNP软件建模计算了不同冷却剂/慢化剂下堆芯的临界特性、栅元轴向功率分布、堆芯径向功率分布、中子能谱、反应性控制等,比较了其中子物理特性。结果表明在慢化剂与燃料的比值较小时,水慢化性能最佳,三联苯的过慢化特性不明显,氢化锆的慢化能力为三者最低。液态金属慢化能力差,中子能谱中快中子居多,与热中子堆冷却剂如水、三联苯差别较大。五种工质满足最基本的安全性要求,但是水作为高富集度微堆燃料的冷却剂不适合。
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Comparative analysis of cooling/moderator material physical characteristics used in micro-nuclear reactor
Abstract:Micro-nuclear reactors have the characteristics of small size, good inherent safety, and low investment cost. It has a very broad market and is suitable for various application scenarios such as seawater desalination, offshore platforms, and national defense armed forces. Coolant and moderator play an extremely important role in the reactor. The type of them determines the main design method, technical characteristics of these reactorsComparative analysis of cooling/moderator material physical characteristics used in micro-nuclear reactor, the neutron physical properties have great value of research. This study compares the commonly used coolants/moderators for Micro-nuclear reactors from the perspective of neutron physics through theoretical analysis. The hexagonal design and metal beryllium as the reflector were used here, and modeling is achieved through MCNP. By calculating the critical characteristics of the core under different coolants/moderators, the axial power distribution of the fuel cell, the radial power distribution of core, the neutron energy spectrum, and the reactivity were obtained.Results indicate that, when the ratio of moderator to fuel is small,water has the best moderating performance. The overmoderated characteristic of Santowax is not obvious, and the moderation capacity of ZrH is the lowest. The moderation ability of liquid metal is poor, and the fast neutrons are predominate in the energy spectrum of the liquid metal, which is quite different from the thermal neutron reactor coolant such as water and Santowax. All working fluids meet the basic safety requirements, but high-enrichment fuels are not suitable for water coolant.
Keywords: Micro-nuclear reactor coolant moderator MCNP?????
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